The Tech Storror

Wireless media: Wireless communication is a type of communication system that does not require any type of cable. In wireless communication, the sending device connects one computer to another computer or one device to another device through the radio web. Characteristics of Wireless Media: Wireless media do not use electrical or optical conductors or wires. In most cases, the Earth's atmosphere acts as the physical path for data transmission. Wireless systems are used when there are obstacles in the way of data transmission and installation of wired media is problematic. The three types of wireless media are -- (i) Radio Wave  (ii) Microwave   (ii) Infrared Radio wave: Network data is transmitted through radio transmission in the same way that signals are transmitted in radio. In this case every computer in the network can receive the signal sent by it. Radio wave frequencies are limited to 10 kHz to 1 GHz. The limited electromagnetic spectrum between 10 kilohertz and...

Transmission media: When a PC communicates or wants to communicate with another PC, it has to take the help of some transmission media. The most commonly used media in the network are twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, fiber optic cable. Nowadays, the use of optical fiber is increasing greatly. Radio wave, microwave and infrared technologies are prominent among wireless media. Among these mediums, optical fiber has the highest data transfer speed. The type of medium used in a network depends on the type and location of that network. The connection system for exchanging information between the sender and the remote receiving end is called a channel. The means or methods used to implement the channel are called media. such as-- (i) Cable or wire. (ii) Common telephone lines. (ii) Radio waves. (iv) Microwave. (v) Geo-satellite systems etc. Cable or Wire: Cable is an important medium in data communication. Cables are generally used for data transfer over short range networking such as LAN...

Program Design Model  Programmers use many instructions in writing programs. Solve the problem by arranging these instructions logically. Long after the program is written, it is often difficult for the programmer to understand his own written program. Therefore, various programming approaches are currently in use for writing programs in order to increase the comprehensibility of the program. Below is a brief description of them: Structured Programming: A set of instructions used to solve a problem is called a program. If the problem to be programmed is very complex then the number of instructions used in the program is very high. When the program gets big, it becomes buggy and runs into various problems. In these cases, a structured program has to be used. Statements used in a structured program perform their own tasks from within their respective classes. Return control to the main body by executing operations from the main body of the program using various class statements. Str...

Router: A router is a computer networking device that determines which way data will go through different networks. It is used to connect one network to another network and to route data packets from network to network. In this case the device is called a router. Routers break up broadcast domains in such a way that all devices under a network segment can read and process broadcasts sent for that network segment. A router connects two or more logical subnets. Its network hub does not perform any routing. Rather, it forwards every packet it receives on a network line to other network lines. Routers operate in two different planes: Control plane: Where the router selects the appropriate outgoing interface, which sends specific packets to specific destinations. Forwarding plane: which determines the forwarding of packets received by a logical interface. Initially routers were known as gateways. It was first conceived by the International Networking Group (INWG), an international computer...

Data transmission mode The mode of data movement depends on the direction of data movement. Data transmission modes are generally divided into three categories; namely- (i) Simplex mode or unidirectional mode, (ii) Half-duplex mode or meaning duplex mode, (iii) Full-duplex mode or pre-duplex mode or duplex mode. Simplex : The data transmission mode in which data is transmitted only in one direction is called simplex transmission mode. In this method data can be transmitted only in one direction. That is, the sending computer can send data to the receiving computer. But the receiving computer can never send the data to the sending computer. The first computer can only send data to the second computer. But the second computer cannot send data to the first computer. Half Duplex Mode : At this speed data can be sent in both directions but not simultaneously. When the sending computer sends data to the receiving computer, the receiving computer only receives the data. But the sender cannot ...