The Tech Storror

  Analog and Digital Transmission Analog Signal: The system in which variable signal i.e. the signal can have any meaning at any time, is called analog signal. This signal is used for data processing in analog devices like radio, TV etc. The wave/shape of an analog signal is-- Digital Signal: The level of the signal is variable, i.e. the level of the signal changes over time in a certain step, it is called a digital signal. This signal is used for data processing in digital devices like computers, digital clocks etc. The wave/shape of a digital signal is-- Carrier Signal: Carrier signal is a type of high frequency signal, which is used as a carrier wave to transmit electrical signals to distant places. - The wave/shape of carrier signal is the difference between analog, digital and carrier signal: The difference between analog, digital and carrier signal is given below-- Analog signal (i) A system in which the signal is variable i.e. the signal can have any value at any time, is ca...

  Software piracy and its prevention Software Piracy: Software piracy refers to the activity of copying software, distributing it, partially modifying it and continuing it under one's own name. Software piracy is also a crime like stealing other people's stuff. Due to software piracy, software manufacturers suffer financially. Some steps to prevent piracy: (i) The first step to prevent piracy is to comply with the prevailing laws of the country. (ii) When any software needs to be installed, patiently read the “Terms and Conditions” carefully. Not only read, but act upon it. If it infringes copyright, refrain from using it. (iii) The mentality of saving money by buying pirated software is not stopping. This mentality must end. If there is no money to buy the software, the software can be used with the permission of the specific organization or software manufacturer. In that case its use will not be illegal. (iv) Risk and Responsibility Offices should be encouraged to purchase an...

Computer maintenance methods from controlling physical damage to computers Maintenance from dust and smoke: Computers can be damaged by dust as follows-- (i) Due to non-conductive coating of dust on various circuits, the heat generated in the circuit cannot be dissipated, resulting in damage to the circuit. (ii) Due to the formation of dust coating, the rotating components of the computer cannot rotate properly, resulting in various operational problems. (iii) Dust accumulation can damage the heads of disk drives. (iv) Cigarette ash dust can damage the data stored on the disk. The following steps can be taken to protect computer systems from dust:- (i) Computers should be properly cleaned at various time intervals. (ii) No smoking in the computer room. (iii) No powdered food should be consumed while sitting near the computer. (iv) Computers should not be placed where chalk is written on the blackboard. (v) The computer should be covered with a plastic cover. Maintenance due to temperat...

Malicious computer drivers Describe the malicious computer controllers: Various effects and causes work for computer damage. Some of these effects are natural, some are artificial and some are due to user inefficiency and carelessness. Besides, some negative actions intended by other users can damage the computer. Computer malware controllers can be broadly divided into four categories: (a) Physical damage controls (b) Malfunctioning controllers due to electrical problems (c) Software Malicious Controls (d) Improper Handling of Users. (a) Physical Harmful Controllers: Those harmful controllers that occur due to external conditions and environmental factors causing damage to the computer are called Physical Harmful Controllers. called physical damage control. The names of such controllers are: (i) Dust (ii) Smoke (iii) High Temperature (iv) Very Low Temperature (v) Magnetic Fields (vi) Liquid & Humidity (vii) Corrosion to Parts (viii) Noise or Interference. (b) Faulty currents due t...

Functions of different keys on the keyboard: Keyboard is a device with many buttons consisting of letters, numbers, symbols etc. to provide various information or instructions to the computer. Keyboard is used as the most widely used input device. It has some additional buttons besides the required buttons. These additional buttons can be used to perform various commands on the computer. Normally keyboard has 104 number of buttons. These keys are divided into the following six categories, viz (i) Alphabetic Key (ii) Numeric Key (iii) Function Key (iv) Cursor Key (v) Special Key (vi) Command Key (i) Alphabetic Key: The keys A to Z in the middle of the keyboard are called alphabetic keys. These keys are used to type various characters. (ii) Numeric Key: The ten keys from 0 to 9 located below the function keys of the keyboard are called numeric keys. Numbers are typed using these keys. (iii) Function : The keys from F1 to F12 located on the top row of the keyboard are called function keys...

Fundamentals of Digital Electronics Characteristics of Analog Signals and Digital Signals: Analog Signal: Continuous electrical signal is called an analogue signal. The change in analogue signal value over time is infinite. A simple signal-generating device converts physical quantities such as pressure, dip, light intensity, noise, etc. into equivalent analogue electrical signals through transducers. The value of this signal is always changing. That is, an electrical signal whose value continuously increases or decreases with time is called an analogue signal. The figure below shows the shape of an analogue signal: Digital Signal: The voltage level of the digital signal is isolated. The voltage level of a digital signal is expressed by two or more states. All these levels are expressed as low (Low) and high (High) or digital 0 volts. A discrete electrical signal is called a digital signal. The change in value of a digital signal with time is finite and the change in value is expressed ...

Analog Electronics (i) The branch of electronics technology that analyzes and discusses the design, construction, operational use, advantages, disadvantages, etc. of analogue signals and various circuits and devices operated by analogue signals is called analogue electronics. The branch of electronics technology that deals with digital signals, numbers and the design, construction, operation, use, advantages and disadvantages of various circuits and devices operated by digital signals. Various topics are analyzed and discussed, called digital electronics. (ii) Analog electronics systems use ever-changing electrical signals. Digital electronics systems have two defined levels of signals. (iii) Analog electronics are difficult to diagnose due to variations in signal. Since there are only two layers in the digital electronics system, fault diagnosis is easy. (vi) Signal processing circuit components are quite expensive in analogue electronics systems. Circuits used for signals in digital ...

 | Digital Divide The development of information and communication technology has divided people around the world into two groups in terms of the convenience of its use. One group is benefiting from the use of modern information and communication technology and the other group is not. The digital divide exists between people around the world, and even within a country. The digital divide is associated with the use of other devices such as telephones, televisions, and cellular phones. The world is becoming computerized very fast, and those who have access to computerized equipment are getting ahead. Those who don't get it are left behind. That is, the gap between those who are computer literate and those who are not is known as the digital divide. Causes of the increasing digital divide: In the last ten years, significant improvements have been made through the Internet. Today there are over 1 billion websites on the internet and billions of users are using the internet. As informa...

Digital Office Management Basics and Elements: Basis of Digital Office Management The backbone of digital office management is the resource sharing network or connectivity through which various data and information can travel securely between each entity of the office. Office management can only be completed if information and flow can be ensured between each element of the office. A secure network is needed to ensure and secure office data flow. Networking refers to interconnected sharing of resources. Secure data sharing is considered the foundation of digital office management. To exchange this secure information, the network must also be secured. Components of Digital Office Management: The following 5 components or resources are required to create a modern office management system, namely (i) Hardware Resources (ii) Software Resources (iii) Data resources (iv) Network resources (v) Human resources. Human resource: The main component or resource of the office management system is...

Hotspot, Wi-Fi, Wi-Max, Bluetooth Hotspot: Hotspot is a type of wireless network that provides internet connection to mobile computers and devices such as smartphones, PDAs, tablets, netbooks, notebooks or laptops. Currently, the three popular hotspot technologies are – 1. Wi-Fi 2. Wi-Max 3. Bluetooth Wi-Fi: Wi-Fi or wireless fidelity is a popular wireless technology that uses radio waves to connect any electronic device to a high-speed Internet connection or computer network to exchange data. It is technically known as IEEE 802.11b. Wi-Fi technology is relatively faster (11 Mbps) and less expensive than standard Ethernet and other common wired LAN technologies. Thus, the Wi-Fi wireless LAN connects laptop PCs, PDAs, smart phones, tabs and other devices with Wi-Fi modems to the rapidly growing business, public and the planet to easily connect to the Internet and other networks. A faster version (802.11g) with a speed of 54 Mbps promises widespread use of this technology. Features of Wi...

Difference Between Base Band and Broad Band Transmission Systems: Base Band: (1) In a baseband transmission system, the data sent from the computer is sent unaltered over the network connection. (2) Modulation is not required in baseband transmission systems. (3) In a baseband transmission system, multiple signals cannot be transmitted over a single pair of wires simultaneously. (4) Low cost in baseband transmission system. (5) Benefits are less available in baseband transmission systems. Broadband: (i) In broadband transmission system, the information received from the computer is modulated by high frequency and sent over the network connection. (ii) Amplitude modulation and demodulation are required in broadband transmission systems. (iii) In broadband transmission system it is possible to establish multiple connections simultaneously through one connection path (iv) Cost of broadband transmission system is high. (v) More benefits are available in broadband transmission systems. Repe...

Data transmission mode The mode of data movement depends on the direction of data movement. Data transmission modes are generally divided into three categories; namely- (i) Simplex mode or unidirectional mode, (ii) Half-duplex mode or meaning duplex mode, (iii) Full-duplex mode or pre-duplex mode or duplex mode. Simplex : The data transmission mode in which data is transmitted only in one direction is called simplex transmission mode. In this method data can be transmitted only in one direction. That is, the sending computer can send data to the receiving computer. But the receiving computer can never send the data to the sending computer. The first computer can only send data to the second computer. But the second computer cannot send data to the first computer. Half Duplex Mode : At this speed data can be sent in both directions but not simultaneously. When the sending computer sends data to the receiving computer, the receiving computer only receives the data. But the sender cannot ...