The Tech Storror

Modulation and Demodulation Modulation Audio or video waves received through transducers, known as signal webs, are difficult to transmit over long distances. High frequency carrier waves are used to transmit these signal waves over long distances as radio waves. The amplitude, frequency or phase of this carrier wave is changed according to the instantaneous value of the signal wave. Such changes are called modulation. In other words, mixing the signal with the carrier wave is called modulation. Modulation is mainly of two types, namely Amplitude Modulation (AM) and Frequency Modulation (FM). Use of Modulation: How far a real signal can be transmitted by a transmitter depends on two factors, namely -- (i) Transmitting Frequency (ii) Transmitter Power Modulation is used to send the signal farther. Different types of modulation methods: (1) Amplitude Modulation (AM) (ii) Frequency Modulation (FM) (iii) Pulse Modulation (PM) (iv) Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)  (v) Quadrature Amplitude ...

Wireless media: Wireless communication is a type of communication system that does not require any type of cable. In wireless communication, the sending device connects one computer to another computer or one device to another device through the radio web. Characteristics of Wireless Media: Wireless media do not use electrical or optical conductors or wires. In most cases, the Earth's atmosphere acts as the physical path for data transmission. Wireless systems are used when there are obstacles in the way of data transmission and installation of wired media is problematic. The three types of wireless media are -- (i) Radio Wave  (ii) Microwave   (ii) Infrared Radio wave: Network data is transmitted through radio transmission in the same way that signals are transmitted in radio. In this case every computer in the network can receive the signal sent by it. Radio wave frequencies are limited to 10 kHz to 1 GHz. The limited electromagnetic spectrum between 10 kilohertz and...

Hotspot, Wi-Fi, Wi-Max, Bluetooth Hotspot: Hotspot is a type of wireless network that provides internet connection to mobile computers and devices such as smartphones, PDAs, tablets, netbooks, notebooks or laptops. Currently, the three popular hotspot technologies are – 1. Wi-Fi 2. Wi-Max 3. Bluetooth Wi-Fi: Wi-Fi or wireless fidelity is a popular wireless technology that uses radio waves to connect any electronic device to a high-speed Internet connection or computer network to exchange data. It is technically known as IEEE 802.11b. Wi-Fi technology is relatively faster (11 Mbps) and less expensive than standard Ethernet and other common wired LAN technologies. Thus, the Wi-Fi wireless LAN connects laptop PCs, PDAs, smart phones, tabs and other devices with Wi-Fi modems to the rapidly growing business, public and the planet to easily connect to the Internet and other networks. A faster version (802.11g) with a speed of 54 Mbps promises widespread use of this technology. Features of Wi...

Gateway: Gateway is a medium, which acts as a bridge or bridge between two networks so that many computers can exchange data together. That is, the device used to connect different types of networks is the gateway. It translates the protocol. It works on layer 7 of the OSI model. Switch: Network switch and network hub are the main pillars of computer networking. In networking, a switch is a device that performs filtering and packet forwarding when exchanging data packets between different parts of a local area network. The switch and SI layer operate at the data link layer. But sometimes it also works at network layer. A local area network (LAN) that uses switches to communicate between its different parts is called a switched LAN. Switches are the network layer that additionally processes data (Layer 3) and are often referred to above as Layer 3 switches. The first Ethernet switch was introduced in 1990. Functions of switches: Network switches are switches connected to most modern E...

Communication model : In the early days of computer networking, various manufacturers made communication software in their own way. Due to the different protocols of these hardware-based software, the software made by one company could not exchange data with the software made by another company. This would be a big problem. Later, a committee was formed from ISO (International Standard Organization) to eliminate this problem. This committee created a protocol model called OSI (Open System Interconnection) to create standard standards for harmonizing all communication software. This model is known as communication model. OSI (Open System Interconnection) Model: The OSI model describes how communication between computers and other networking devices will be developed. The International Organization for Standards (ISO) started working on this model in 1974. The need for the OSI model is felt so that different networking device manufacturers can produce their devices following the same sta...