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What are connectors? What is UTP wiring standard?

Connectors


The cable connector is the daughter device between the network card and the cable. That is, it connects the network cable and (NIC). Notable among cable connectors are coaxial cable, 10 bit, Ethernet etc. Among them, 10 bit connector is comparatively much faster, reliable and widely used. The 10-pin connector looks a lot like a telephone wire. Some network cards support multiple connector types, thus providing multiple ports. Such cards are called combo cards. Recently, Ethernet technology has gained great popularity in the world of networking, to say that now Ethernet is a dominating (Dominating) technology. For that reason, if the network card of the computer is of combo type, then it is possible to upgrade it to use Ethernet technology.


The following three types of connectors are commonly used in networks. These are--


a) RJ-45: It is used to connect UTP cable to network interface card or NIC. This connector has a total of 8 contact pins. These 8 pins are used in different configurations for different network standards.


b) RG-58 (RG-58): It is known as coaxial BNC connector. This type of connector is used to connect Thinnet or 10 base 2 cables.


c) AUI : It is a 15 pin connector which is used to connect the AUI drop cable.


Many networking standards use only 2 pairs of UTP cables. But it is best to connect 4 pairs ie 8 cables to each connector. This ensures compatibility with other network devices and adapts to future standards. In UTP networking, the 4-pin connector is called RJ-11, but this configuration is not very popular in networking.

Optical fiber connector:

Because signals are exchanged in the form of light (Light format) instead of electrical signals through optical fiber, that's why the connector type is also a little different. Optical fiber mainly uses two types of connectors, one is ST (twist and lock type) and the other is SC (push fit type). The image below shows the ST to SC fiber connector. However, the FDDI network standard has many similarities to the FDDI duplex connector.


Virtually all fiber optics available are 10 Base FL or 100Base FX, which can transmit data over Ethernet networks at speeds of 10 or 100 megabits per second. There are also fiber cables of the FDDI standard of 100 megabits per second speed, which interconnect multiple systems within a room.


UTP wiring standard:

There is a specific color code and wiring scheme for UTP connectors and wiring. Each wire on both ends of the cable must be connected to the appropriate pin on the connector. Each wire in the cable is color coded so that they can be easily matched to specific pins on the connector. Each pair of wires has one wire colored solid and the other colored striped. Paired wire combinations are blue/blue-white, orange/orange-white, brown/brown-white, green/green-white, etc. When the data signal is transmitted through pin 1 of the cable, it must be received at pin 1 at the other end. Similar arrangements should be made for other pin signals. A standard or specification for such color coded pin combinations of UTP cables and connectors is EIA/TIA 568B (for Electronics Industry Association / Telecommunication Industry Association). The color coded scheme can ensure that each wire of the cable is correctly connected to the appropriate pin of the connector. A proper combination of pins and wires reduces the possibility of interference for the wires. Moreover, the standardization of cables and pins makes their troubleshooting much easier.

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