The Tech Storror

Based on the interface, operating systems are divided into two categories, namely: (i) Text or character-based operating system (ii) Image-based operating system. Text or letter-based operating systems: In text-based operating systems, commands are executed by typing them in the command prompt according to their structure. Commands are written using letters, words, numbers, symbols, etc. To work in this system, the user needs to know the commands and syntax in advance and work by writing commands according to the syntax. Being color based this operating system is difficult and boring to work with. Commands have to be typed by keyboard only. A. Network, Internet system is not working. This system requires relatively little memory to operate, cannot run multiple programs simultaneously, supports only one user, and requires the use of a keyboard to move the cursor. No pictures, images or icons can be used in this command. Examples: MS-DOS, TOS, BOS, UNIX et cetera. Characteristics of tex...

Data communication medium  Some type of connection is required to exchange data between the receiving and sending computers. This connection is usually called a channel. The various methods used to implement channels are network media. Eg – common telephone lines, microwave systems, fibre optic cables, coaxial cables, satellite communication systems etc. The amount of data flow depends on the width of the channel. If the width of the channel is more, more data can be sent through it simultaneously. Wired  Data can be exchanged between the sending and receiving computers through various types of cables. Namely-- (i) Co-axial cable (Co-axial cable) (ii) Twisted pair cable (iii) Fiber optic cable (i) Co-axial cable: A coaxial cable is a type of electrical conductor made of copper. This type of wire is made with the help of two electrically conductive and two electrically non-conductive materials. They have a white plastic insulator between them to cover the inner conductor and se...

Concept of data communication system: Data transfer between a central computer and remote terminals was first introduced in the 1960s. These terminals lacked storage and processing capabilities. Such a method is known as teleprocessing. The terminal of this method is called the silent or dumb terminal. Later, processing and data storage and data storage capabilities were created in these terminals, known as self-contained systems. Data is a precious resource in today's era. Information or data plays an important role in the improvement of an organization, making realistic decisions for the organization, connecting the internal environment of the organization with the rapidly changing world outside, etc. The special method by which data is exchanged from one computer to another or more computers is called the data communication method. The advantage of this method is that data can be transmitted quickly and accurately. The main five components or parts of data communication are— 1. ...

After a few days of data processing by one computer in an organization, the need and tendency to use multiple computers is seen. The demand for work also increased. Even today many households use more than one computer. When operated by a computer alone, all hardware and software are used only for that computer. But when multiple users are connected to a computer network, different hardware and software can be shared. Communication System --  The impact of information technology on the evolution of civilization is immense. Numerous products and services are created in society for better living systems and the development of these systems. People can easily adopt it through the proper use of management and technology. Concept of Communication System: At one time, people used to send information from one place to another by tying the feet of pigeons. Horse calls were also prevalent among civilized nations. The system of runners for sending news from one place to another was prevalen...

Morality in applying information and communication technology With the development of information and communication technology, its misuse is also increasing. Information and communication technology is being used in many unethical activities. Information and communication technology, like any other scientific invention, is being misused. Everything has both good and bad sides. Information and communication technology is no exception. However, the advantages of information technology outweigh the disadvantages. However, through the use of information and communication technology, some perverse things are observed. Although its bad effects depend on the individual's taste and thoughts. Also, personal privacy is being disturbed in many cases through the use of information technology. Online banking systems are being disrupted by internet hackers. Automation is increasing in many fields due to the benefit of information technology, thus increasing unemployment. In addition to this, th...

Data Analysis Data analysis is a process of data inspection or observation, refinement, transformation and modelling, with the aim of drawing attention to necessary or useful information, proposing analytical conclusions and supporting decision making. There are many components and methods of data analysis. It may include subjects such as technology, business, science and sociology etc. with diverse names. Data mining is a specialized data analysis technique, which focuses on discovering specific knowledge from databases. Business intelligence relies on the support of data analysis, which mainly provides insight into business information. Some researchers have divided data analysis into three categories for statistical applications. They are- (i) Descriptive Statistics: In descriptive statistics, the amount of collected data is analyzed in various ways, such as Central Tendency (Measure, Median, Proportion), Deviation, Synthesis, Regression, various types of graphs and charts etc. (ii)...

Data Sorting Sorting data: Sorting is when working with data arranged according to their ascending or descending data of the same category may need to be sorted. Data can be sorted in two ways according to their value. There are various algorithms or methods of sorting, viz (i) Insertion Sort (ii) Replacement Sort (iii) Quick Sort (iv) Bubble Sort (V) Sell Sort (vi) Selection Sort (vi) Binary Tree Sort  (viii) Tournament Sort (ix) Heap Sort (x) Address Count Sort (xi) Merge Sort (xii) Radix Sort etc. Bubble Sort: The most commonly used sorting method is the bubble sort method. Usually this method is used when the number of data is large. Sorting takes less time if the data is well organized. The bubble sort method involves pairwise comparisons. The algorithm of bubble sort is as follows: Bubble Sort Algorithm: Step-1: Sorting is done by comparing the first and second numbers of the array. Step-2: Then the 2nd and 3rd numbers are compared and arranged. Step-3: In this way the proces...

Data validation  Data Validation By inputting the data into the computer, the processing is completed and meaningful information is obtained. Results are generated depending on the input data. Inputting wrong data will also result in wrong. Effectively extract data from source documents to ensure authenticity and validity of data. Then the data is properly inputted through data coding and appropriate equipment. But there may be some mistakes, which are not understood beforehand. However, any errors that occur more frequently need to be identified. Data authenticity and validity are generally checked in two ways, namely-- (i) Transaction Validation  ii) Data Validation  Transaction Validation: The validation that is checked on data input is called transaction validation. Usually, such validation is done through software. Generally, three types of mistakes can occur in this case, namely-- (i) Inputting data (ii) Data by unspecified persons (iii) Instructing the system to do...

Data Processing Data processing is the conversion of data into simple, meaningful, effective and useful information through the work of sorting, classifying, judging and analyzing the data collected on the basis of a clear plan, various mathematical logical operations on the data, etc. Types of Data Processing: Data processing methods can be mainly of two types, namely (i) Manual Data Processing (ii) Computerized data processing or electronic data processing.  Manual Data Processing Manual Data Processing: When people without computer or any other electronic equipment do data processing by hand or by calculating with the help of log table or mathematical function table, then it is called manual data processing. Manual data processing uses paper-pencil, pencil or log tables or tables of mathematical functions. It takes more effort but less results. It also takes more time. And more likely to be wrong. The results are the same for computer systems and manual processing. Computerized ...

Data, information, knowledge and wisdom: The dictionary meaning of data is data. In general, data refers to the value of something or a set of values. In one word, data is the value of something called data. So, data is the smallest unit of information. Data can be one or more letters, symbols or numbers. That is, any meaningful letter, word, number, date, combination of letter/word with number, symbol, signal etc. data or information like- or, no, Srirup, Palash, 1000, 20/11/1974, ID-100 etc. . Information The meaningful form of data is information. That is, information is data arranged in a systematic manner in a context that is easy to understand, meaningful, effective and usable. In engineering terms, any information or news is called information. In other words, the result obtained by processing any data or data is called as information. Data + observations + meaning = data Information is obtained by processing data. So we can say, Information = (Data), since information is obtain...

Plagiarism Plagiarism is the act of stealing someone's work and publishing it under your own name. Plagiarism is the complete copying or partial modification of a person's literary, research or editorial work and published under one's own name. Copying even important phrases of a text falls into plagiarism. Plagiarism is an illegal act. Everyone should come forward to prevent this. Cyber ​​Plagiarism Cyber-plagiarism is the act of copying or downloading part or all of an article or research paper obtained from the Internet or using an idea obtained from the Web without mentioning the original source. Nowadays, cyber plagiarism is widely seen, which is completely illegal and illegal. Data Preservation Law: Information technology can be used to collect and store large amounts of data. Rapid processing turns data into valuable information, which can be transmitted and shared across ICT systems. Personal data: Data related to individual lifestyles can be transferred from one IC...

Encryption Encryption is a method of protecting data files from data theft. Encrypted data is coded in such a way that it cannot be read unless special decryption software is used. Encryption is often used on the Internet to protect data as it is transmitted from one computer to another. If a person is a When purchasing something from a secure website, their credit card is encrypted before being sent. This prevents other Internet users from collecting and using data. Encryption is mainly of two types, namely-  * Secret Key Encryption and * Public Key Encryption

Security of computer system equipment Organizations provide security measures to prevent computer theft. -> Some organizations provide security personnel CCTV system facility to provide security of equipment. -> The card is stored on the magnetic strip behind the user's ID and is accessed by a computer program scanning it and swiping the card through a reader. -> Visitor log books are a common method of recording such information. -> To break through the door several steps are required to press buttons on the keypad. Codes are provided to authorized persons only. -> The device is marked with a special infrared code, so that it can be returned to the owner if it is stolen. -> To strengthen the security process eg- New staff are appointed to close the doors, windows at the end of the day who always wear safety clothes and watch out for intruders. These simple things can reduce theft in organizations.

Rules for using computers in a healthy way  In order to use the computer healthily, the user's seating arrangement and various parts of the body should be kept in proper order. As a result, users can use the computer comfortably and the risk of diseases caused by excessive computer use will be reduced. The following health rules should be followed when using computers: (i) Healthy computer seating arrangement prevents eye pain, neck, back, waist and shoulder pain, hand, elbow and wrist pain. For example, the distance between the user's eyes and the monitor should be 50 cm to 60 cm. The height of the monitor should be such that the surface of the screen and the user's eyes are at the same level. Monitor brightness should be controlled to avoid harsh or unbearable light and computer room lighting should be adjusted to be tolerable or suitable for work. (ii) Working in the same asana for a long time may lead to muscle fatigue or fatigue. Therefore, even if the seating arrangem...

System restore and back-up In order to protect the computer system from accidents, backup of all software or necessary software must be done at certain intervals. This backup file should be kept on a computer separate from the system. It is safer if the computer where the backup is kept is at another geographical distance. Because, this remote computer may not be disabled or destroyed in any natural disaster. In Windows system, select System restore or Backup from System Tools under Program/All Program menu from Start menu. Following this wizard and selecting the desired option will result in a system backup. System Restore: To restore the system, you need to keep a system backup. By knowing the location of this backup file, system restore should be started. In the wizard system, from the Start menu, Program / All Program menu, Accessories, System Tools, System Restore or Backup must be selected. Then the following window will appear. System restore can be done by selecting the desire...

 Hard Disk Partition Hard disk partitions are called disk areas. Hard disk partitioning allows any operating system to be installed seamlessly. | Partitioning of hard disk is called logical partition. A maximum of 24 drives can be created on any hard disk through partitions. That is, a total of 24 drives can be created from C to Z of the English alphabet. A computer's operating system can adopt any of four types of file systems. These four types of file system are-- (i) FAT16 (ii) FAT32 (iii) HPFS (iv) NTFS | How to partition hard disk: To partition the hard disk, the system must be run by "Boot disk" (Boot disk) and this disk must have a file called FDISK. The meaning is that the file named Fixed disk FDISK creates a partition on the hard disk. When the A drive is done, type FDISK and press Enter to start the Fixed disk setup program. (or Press Enter) Then partition the hard disk as needed. Use of FDISK in Hard Disk Partition: The hard disk can be partitioned into DOS s...

BCD code: The full form of the BCD abbreviation is Binary Coded Decimal. It is used to express decimal system number in binary number. 4 binary digits are required to represent each of the ten digits from 0 to 9. For this, several types of BCD code are used, such as - BCD 8421 code BCD 5421 code - BCD 2421 code - BCD 7421 code BCD 6423 code ASCII (ASCII) code:  ASCII means American Standard Code For Information Interchange. It is a well known 7 bit alpha numeric code. So, A code can represent 2^7 i.e. 128 unique numbers, letters and symbols. This code is mostly used in mini and microcomputers. This code is used to exchange data between the computer's CPU and input/output devices. In the early days of computer invention, computer manufacturers used binary bit patterns to specify numbers, letters and various symbols at their convenience. As a result, input/output devices made by other companies would not work correctly when set with one company's CPU. ASCII code was invented to o...

Information technology: The current era is the era of information technology. New information in people's daily life The gathering is happening. As a result, the amount of information is also increasing rapidly. The importance of getting and using appropriate information for people in various tasks is also very important is increasing Because, it is not possible for people to remember all the information or get it at hand from the huge information store. That's why Appropriate technology is needed, through which people can easily and quickly get information whenever they want. The technology associated with data collection, verification of its authenticity and validity, storage, processing, modernization, transportation, distribution and management is called Information Technology or Information Technology for short IT I Communication technology: Data communication is the process of transferring data from one place to another place or from one device to another device through...

The things that we all should keep an eye on are the processor or not; 1. Clock speed 2. Number of course 3. cache memory 4. FBS 1. Clock Speed: It is also called GH2. All processors are written on. Clock speed means how fast your computer can work. That's what this signal means. The speed of the processor is known through this clock speed, how fast the calculation can be done. 2. Number of Cores: The more cores the processor has, the faster the processor can work. If I give an example to explain the matter, I hope you can understand it very easily. Suppose if a person had many hands, then he could do many things at the same time. That is, if we go to the market and buy a smartphone, then we will see what the configurations of the phone are. If we look closely at the configuration of the smartphone, we will see that Dual Core Processor, Quad Core Processor, Octa core processor, Hexa core processor, Deca core processor. This means that the dual core processor has two arms or cores, ...