The Tech Storror

Based on the interface, operating systems are divided into two categories, namely: (i) Text or character-based operating system (ii) Image-based operating system. Text or letter-based operating systems: In text-based operating systems, commands are executed by typing them in the command prompt according to their structure. Commands are written using letters, words, numbers, symbols, etc. To work in this system, the user needs to know the commands and syntax in advance and work by writing commands according to the syntax. Being color based this operating system is difficult and boring to work with. Commands have to be typed by keyboard only. A. Network, Internet system is not working. This system requires relatively little memory to operate, cannot run multiple programs simultaneously, supports only one user, and requires the use of a keyboard to move the cursor. No pictures, images or icons can be used in this command. Examples: MS-DOS, TOS, BOS, UNIX et cetera. Characteristics of tex...

Data Analysis Data analysis is a process of data inspection or observation, refinement, transformation and modelling, with the aim of drawing attention to necessary or useful information, proposing analytical conclusions and supporting decision making. There are many components and methods of data analysis. It may include subjects such as technology, business, science and sociology etc. with diverse names. Data mining is a specialized data analysis technique, which focuses on discovering specific knowledge from databases. Business intelligence relies on the support of data analysis, which mainly provides insight into business information. Some researchers have divided data analysis into three categories for statistical applications. They are- (i) Descriptive Statistics: In descriptive statistics, the amount of collected data is analyzed in various ways, such as Central Tendency (Measure, Median, Proportion), Deviation, Synthesis, Regression, various types of graphs and charts etc. (ii)...

Data Searching Searching: Searching is the process of finding specific data from an array or file. Let's say an array contains the data 5, 3, 7. n is a data, which must be determined whether it is in this array or if it is in any position. Searching is the method by which this answer is derived. There are different methods of searching. The most commonly used methods are: (A) Linear Search  (B) Binary Search (A) Linear Searching or Sequential Sorting: In order to find specific data in the sequential searching method, starting the comparison from the first data of the array and comparing to the last data if necessary, the value of the specific data is found in the array or not. This method takes more searching time. Each data requires comparison. Searching takes less time when the specified data is located at the beginning of the array. The main advantage of this method is that there is no need to sort the primary data before searching. Sequential searching or linear searching algor...

Data Coding  Code is an abbreviation of a full name. A code is an abbreviation for the name of something. Data coding is the process of abbreviating something using numbers, shapes, or symbols to create a unique signal. Data coding increases work efficiency and accuracy of data processing results manifold. Purpose or Benefits of Data Coding: The need for data coding is very important in processing data with the help of computer. As a result of data coding, there are many benefits in program writing and processing. Following are the objectives or benefits of data coding --  (i) Data can be presented easily and concisely.  (ii) Data coding takes less space in computer memory. (iii) Less chance of error in data typing and saves typing time. (iv) Data coding also speeds up processing. (v) It can easily categorize information. (vi) It helps to keep information confidential. (vii) It enables disclosure of confidential information. Rules of Data Coding: The importance of data ...

Data, information, knowledge and wisdom: The dictionary meaning of data is data. In general, data refers to the value of something or a set of values. In one word, data is the value of something called data. So, data is the smallest unit of information. Data can be one or more letters, symbols or numbers. That is, any meaningful letter, word, number, date, combination of letter/word with number, symbol, signal etc. data or information like- or, no, Srirup, Palash, 1000, 20/11/1974, ID-100 etc. . Information The meaningful form of data is information. That is, information is data arranged in a systematic manner in a context that is easy to understand, meaningful, effective and usable. In engineering terms, any information or news is called information. In other words, the result obtained by processing any data or data is called as information. Data + observations + meaning = data Information is obtained by processing data. So we can say, Information = (Data), since information is obtain...

Safe Health  In our daily life, ELF (Extremely Low Frequency) radiation is not only emitted from electricity mains and computer monitors. ELF radiation is also emitted from other natural sources such as sunlight, fire, and the Earth's magnetic field. Currently, the number of studies on the effects of ELF radiation is increasing. Studies have shown that this can lead to a variety of health problems. How safe is it to use mobile phones and computers? A study in France has said that not only microwave radiation but also mobile phones and computers are harmful to health for various reasons. According to experts, excessive use of mobile phones and computers is a threat to health. Protection of hands and wrists: Some exercises should be done for hands and wrists. They are described below-- Hand Exercises: Just as athletes prepare themselves before playing, everyone should do some hand exercises before using the keyboard. There are different types of arm exercises. First massage the hands...

System restore and back-up In order to protect the computer system from accidents, backup of all software or necessary software must be done at certain intervals. This backup file should be kept on a computer separate from the system. It is safer if the computer where the backup is kept is at another geographical distance. Because, this remote computer may not be disabled or destroyed in any natural disaster. In Windows system, select System restore or Backup from System Tools under Program/All Program menu from Start menu. Following this wizard and selecting the desired option will result in a system backup. System Restore: To restore the system, you need to keep a system backup. By knowing the location of this backup file, system restore should be started. In the wizard system, from the Start menu, Program / All Program menu, Accessories, System Tools, System Restore or Backup must be selected. Then the following window will appear. System restore can be done by selecting the desire...

Computer System Utilities  Providing backup, data recovery, antivirus utilities etc. to the operating system user. These utilities are essential to get things working properly in case of common problems. All these utilities are called system tools in Windows operating system. The most commonly used utilities are: (i) Disk Scan (ii) Create restore point (iii) Disc defragment (i) Disk Scan: Long-term computer use, viruses and unexpected power cuts can cause bad sectors on the hard disk. If in this condition, the hard disk of the computer gets destroyed slowly. Hard disk bad sectors can be recovered through disk scan and the bad sector areas can be marked. As a result no more memory space is wasted. Advantages: Bad sector of computer hard disk can be recovered and bad sector area can be marked. 166 (ii) Create restore point : Many times it is seen that after deleting a file we need the file again or we mistakenly delete many files. Such deleted files can be recovered if a restore poin...

Boolean Algebra: In 1847, an English clergyman named George Bull discovered an algebraic theorem based on binary systems for designing logic circuits, known as Boolean algebra. Boolean algebra is used to design logic circuits. Boolean algebra is operated by two operators OR (+) and AND (.). There are three basic processes in Boolean algebra, respectively—  (i) OR (Logical Addition)  (ii) AND (Logical Multiplication)  (iii) NOT (Logical Inversion) To implement these three processes, there are three types of logic circuits called OR, AND and NOT. Circuit) is used.

BCD code: The full form of the BCD abbreviation is Binary Coded Decimal. It is used to express decimal system number in binary number. 4 binary digits are required to represent each of the ten digits from 0 to 9. For this, several types of BCD code are used, such as - BCD 8421 code BCD 5421 code - BCD 2421 code - BCD 7421 code BCD 6423 code ASCII (ASCII) code:  ASCII means American Standard Code For Information Interchange. It is a well known 7 bit alpha numeric code. So, A code can represent 2^7 i.e. 128 unique numbers, letters and symbols. This code is mostly used in mini and microcomputers. This code is used to exchange data between the computer's CPU and input/output devices. In the early days of computer invention, computer manufacturers used binary bit patterns to specify numbers, letters and various symbols at their convenience. As a result, input/output devices made by other companies would not work correctly when set with one company's CPU. ASCII code was invented to o...

Number or Number System: The method by which numbers are calculated or expressed is called number system. These numbers are processed through various mathematical processes to complete the necessary calculations. The number system we commonly use is called the decimal number system. For example 40, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. Types of Number Systems: Number systems are generally divided into four categories, such as  (i) Decimal or Decimal Number System  (ii) Binary Number System  (iii) Octal Number System  (iv) Hexadecimal Number System  (i) Decimal Number System: We usually use decimal number system. The number system whose base is ten (10) is called the decimal number system. The numbers are 0, 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. This practice first started in ancient India. Example:  (i)10 is a decimal number.  (ii) Binary Number System The base of the number system is two (2), that is called binary number system. Also called boolean/binary number system. The n...