The Tech Storror

 Synonyms in Database A synonym is another name for a table or view. Synonyms are used so a table name does not need to be qualified by specifying another user name. Typically database administrators create and manage synonyms. And synonyms created by themselves are managed by the owners of all those synonyms. Since there are two types of synonyms, creating these will require two types of system-level privileges. Generally, all users can create synonyms with the private option. However, to develop synonyms with the public option, the user must be a database administrator or have that level of privilege. But MySQL server doesn't support synonyms yet.

Information Systems An information system is a system consisting of people and machines, which process data and makes it useful for users. That is, an information system is an integrated system of human resources, hardware, software, communication network and data resources, which collect, store, present, modernize and exchange and process information from one organization to another organization. The use of computers has made data processing much easier, error-free and faster, and the distribution of information between different users or organizations has become much easier. Below are some more definitions of an information system: An information system is a combination of human resources, hardware, software, network systems and data resources that collect, transforms and process the information an organization needs. Technically, an information system is a set of interrelated components that collect, (or retrieve), process, store and distribute information to support organizational ...

 Hybrid network A mixed or hybrid network is essentially a combination of client-server and peer-to-peer networks. Generally, the client-server portion dominates in a hybrid network. However, in addition, there are sparsely coupled peer-to-peer network segments. Advantages of a hybrid network are: (i) Client-server applications can be housed and managed centrally. (ii) Users can control access to their respective computer resources and share their resources. Disadvantages of hybrid network are- (i) Having two types of networks makes it difficult for users to access the network. (ii) Need to remember different passwords for workgroups and servers/domains. (iii) Resources are located on different computers and cannot be managed centrally. Different versions of the same file can be scattered across different computers. (iv) Difficulty backing up files stored on different workstations. Network architecture Designing and implementing an effective network with respect to communication ru...

Wireless media: Wireless communication is a type of communication system that does not require any type of cable. In wireless communication, the sending device connects one computer to another computer or one device to another device through the radio web. Characteristics of Wireless Media: Wireless media do not use electrical or optical conductors or wires. In most cases, the Earth's atmosphere acts as the physical path for data transmission. Wireless systems are used when there are obstacles in the way of data transmission and installation of wired media is problematic. The three types of wireless media are -- (i) Radio Wave  (ii) Microwave   (ii) Infrared Radio wave: Network data is transmitted through radio transmission in the same way that signals are transmitted in radio. In this case every computer in the network can receive the signal sent by it. Radio wave frequencies are limited to 10 kHz to 1 GHz. The limited electromagnetic spectrum between 10 kilohertz and...

Differences between database indexing and sorting Indexing (i) It takes relatively less time to sort random data. (ii) After indexing the data file in this method, new records are automatically added to the correct location. (iii) Sorting of data file by indexing method keeps serialization of records of file in main table. (iv) When a data file is indexed, a new index file is created and the original table file remains unchanged. (v) Sorting by indexing requires additional space in memory as additional index files are created. (vi) Alphabetically, Numerically, Indexing can be done. Sorting (i) Sorting random data takes more time than indexing.   (ii) After sorting the data file in this method, if new records are added, the file has to be sorted again. (iii) When the data file is sorted by the sorting method, the serialization of the records in the original table file is not correct. (iv) When the data file is sorted, the original table file is stored in memory in a sorted state. (v...

Various components of the database window  A database is in the form of a container or window, in which similar objects in the database are grouped together. The database window consists of several tabs. Database tables and other objects are stored under different tabs, the object to be created is selected from the database window. Below is a brief introduction to the various components of the database window. Tables: The tables are stored under this tab. From here a table can be changed, modified, or a new database created. Queries: From this tab you can get the list of all the queries in the current database. From here one can manage a query, change the query, modify it or create a new query. Forms: All reports and forms of the current database can be found from this tab. From here a report can be modified or a new report can be created. Report: Report is to display or print the information in the format as desired by the users. Page: Database Access page can be created to work w...

Question-1. What is database? Answer: The word Data means data and the word Base means assembly. So a collection of interrelated data that can be stored in a computer is called a database. For example, information of students of an institution, voter list, information of employees of a company, etc. Question-2. What is the field? Answer: Different parts of the record are called fields. Basically column heading is called field. such as  Name, Roll, Class, Age are each separate fields. Question-3. What is the record? Answer: The collection of data of several fields of a Data Table is called Record. Basically, the Record is obtained by combining the data of the rows of the Table. Question-4. What does the word query mean? Answer: Displaying specific data from a database through specific conditions very quickly and easily is called a query. Data can be conveniently selected using expressions, operators, filters, etc. in the query. Queries can be of various types are--- (i) Select Query...

Query Language User can easily retrieve information or data from database with query language. Operations such as entering data, retrieving data, modifying or deleting data in the database are called queries. The language with which queries are made is called query language. Most database management systems use query languages ​​to access the database. It is a high-level language. Using this language, it is possible to easily search and collect data from the database and perform various calculations according to the user's wishes. This language is higher level than any standard programming language. SQL and QUEL query languages ​​are currently used in microcomputers. Name some query languages (i) QUEL (Query Language) (ii) QBE [Query by Example] (iii) SQL (Structured Query Language) (iv) Server SQL Among these four query languages, SQL has gained the most popularity worldwide. According to ANSI standards, SQL has become the standard query language for relational databases. SQL and ...

Database System and Database Management System- DBMS A set of programs used to create, store, and perform various operations on a database by collecting interrelated data is called a database management system or DBMS. When the data is related to each other and collects information about a particular subject, it is called a database. Database Creation, Control, Maintenance, Modernization Data Editing The programs included in the management system are used to create database, enter database, modernize data, edit data etc. A database management system plays a coordinating role between the database and the user. Some instance of the Database Management System Programs-- (i) dBase (ii) Microsoft Foxpro (iv) Microsoft Visual Basic (iii) Microsoft Visual FoxPro (vi) 4D (v) Microsoft Access (vii) SQL (viii) Power Builder (x) Oracle (ix) Delphi  (xi) Java (xii) Informix (xiii) File Marker Pro (xiv) Paradox (xv) MySql (xvi) Postgress (xvii) MariaDb etc. Basic functions of database managemen...

1. Investigation  In this step of processing, the nature of the problem, the cause of the problem and the possibility of solving the problem are considered. The factors that are considered in this step of information search are:  (i) To know about existing procedures and to inspect if necessary. (ii) System selection through survey work (iii) Possibility of system solution (iv) To judge the feasibility of the system and (v) Preparation of reports. Then data is collected from reports, documents etc. and decisions are made about the objectives, features and other necessary aspects of the proposed method. The feasibility of the system is judged by comparing and analyzing different systems. System Feasibility Report is prepared after data analysis. The report covers the following topics-- (i) Basic description of the proposed system including features, (ii) the economic, technical, institutional and managerial feasibility of the proposed approach and  (iii) Outline of propose...

Information System It is desirable to collect data or data required to perform any programming work. The collected data is processed by computer and becomes meaningful information. Information systems are no different from any other system. Like any other system it has input, processing, output, feedback. The difference of information system with other systems is mainly the physical difference of its input and output. Information systems take data as input. Information systems perform routine tasks by producing information as output.

Plagiarism Plagiarism is the act of stealing someone's work and publishing it under your own name. Plagiarism is the complete copying or partial modification of a person's literary, research or editorial work and published under one's own name. Copying even important phrases of a text falls into plagiarism. Plagiarism is an illegal act. Everyone should come forward to prevent this. Cyber ​​Plagiarism Cyber-plagiarism is the act of copying or downloading part or all of an article or research paper obtained from the Internet or using an idea obtained from the Web without mentioning the original source. Nowadays, cyber plagiarism is widely seen, which is completely illegal and illegal. Data Preservation Law: Information technology can be used to collect and store large amounts of data. Rapid processing turns data into valuable information, which can be transmitted and shared across ICT systems. Personal data: Data related to individual lifestyles can be transferred from one IC...

Software Piracy  Software piracy is a major problem for software manufacturing companies. Software piracy refers to the act of copying software without the permission of the manufacturer, distributing it under one's own name or continuing it as one's own through any modification. That is, software piracy is making illegal copies of software for sale or use without paying royalties to software producers. The process of developing and testing a new software before releasing it is very expensive and the theft of software due to piracy causes huge financial loss to the organization. As a result of software piracy, a software can be used without a license, on the one hand it reduces the intellectual value of the program, on the other hand it causes financial loss. Many countries around the world have copyright laws to protect the copyright of programs. Copy right law in the United Kingdom (UK) makes it illegal to make additional copies of software for use or sale without permission....

Spamming E-mail accounts often receive some unknown and unnecessary e-mails, which annoys us. This type of e-mail is commonly called spam mail. And when an institution or a specific person is one of E-mail addresses occupy memory by sending hundreds or even millions of mails, a process called spamming. Spamming is usually done to keep a web server busy or to damage its performance by filling its memory and storage with unnecessary information. Web servers block the domain from which the spam is coming to prevent this spamming. As a result no one else can send any mail from the domain. But no web server is free from spam mail.

Karnaugh Map  A widely used method for simplifying logic figures or determining the simplest figure from the truth table is the Karnaugh map = K-map method. It is known as Karnaugh map because Maurice Karnaugh invented the method. It is a graphical design, with the help of which a logical expression can be expressed in a simple and concise form. Procedure : (i) The truth table of the arithmetic to be simplified must first be constructed. (ii) Number of cells should be created in columns and rows according to the number of input variables. (iii) How many cells there will be depends on the formula x = 2n. Here, x = number of cells n = number of variables ie, Y = AB+ AB Number of cells in x = 22 i.e. 4 (iv) 1 should be placed in the specified cell for all the maps whose values ​​are high i.e. 1 in the truth table. (v) Place (blank) in all other cells. (vi) If there are 1's in two or four or eight cells side by side in the map then groups should be formed with them. (vii) Determine the...

Difference between manual information system and computer based information system Computer Based Information System: (i) Computer based information system consists of human resource hardware, software, communication network and data resources. (ii) These systems use hardware, software, communication networks and data resources. (iii) The process of data processing is much easier, the effort is much less but the result is much more than that. (iv) It is also less time consuming and error prone. (v) collects, transforms and processes the information of an organization with the help of such information system and provides it as required by the organization. (vi) Examples of Computer Based Information Systems: Office Automation System, Management Information System, Transaction Processing System, Management Support System, Bank Management System etc. Manual Information System (i) Manual information system without computer or any other electronic equipment, making, using and exchanging inf...

Clasification of computer network Computer communication, information sharing, electronic mail, electronic libraries, bulletin boards, etc. using computer networks are increasing in prevalence and spread. As a result, different types of networks are used in different countries of the world today. That is why the computer networks used in the world are classified from different points of view: namely-- (a) Classification of Networks by Ownership : (i) Private Networks and (ii) Public network. (b) Computer network according to type of work According to the type of work computer network can be mainly divided into three parts. These are- (i) Peer-to-peer network (ii) Client-server network (iii) Hybrid network (c) Classification of networks according to geographical extent : (i) Personal Area Network (PAN) (ii) Local Area Network (Local Area Network-LAN) (iii) Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) (iv) Wide Area Network (Wide Area Network-WAN) In general, network segmentation refers to the classi...

 Internet The Internet is the dominant medium in the computer networking process of today's world. Thanks to the Internet, all the computer users of the entire world have been able to be bound in the same circle. As a result, mutual cooperation, solidarity, etc. have increased unexpectedly. So some call the Internet a network of networks. However, it can be said that the Internet is the dominant force in all computer networking in the current world. The “Internet” is dominating the field by bringing the vast empire of the computer world into its hands. Thanks to the Internet, the communication system has been greatly improved. People can get news from different parts of the world in a short time and at a low cost. You can send the necessary information to the nearest person in any part of the world in a moment. Milestones of internet speed. It plays an immense role in today's communication system and information exchange. NET family members will find solutions to most of their ...

Protocol: A protocol is a set of rules by which a computer communicates with another computer. Protocol is also called by some as the language of network. That is, the accepted rules for proper communication between networked computers are called protocols Introduction to Communication Protocol : A computer network connects numerous computers. System means computer, terminal, remote sensor or device that can receive data. Now the equipment may not be manufactured by the same manufacturing company. After data is sent from one system and flows through the network, the system must be built, the network established, and the software developed to be received accurately and intelligibly by the other system, but following the rules. If the software vendor companies develop software following the protocol, it will be possible to communicate between the computers of all the companies. After all, the protocol is a standard for establishing communication between the computer and the terminal. L...

Data communication Data communication is the process of transferring any data from one end to another end or from one computer to another computer or from one device to another device or from one person to another. Here, data refers to the electrical form of information stored in a computer. Communicating devices consist of hardware and software for data communication. The performance of data communication system mainly depends on three characteristics. For example: (i) Delivery: The system must deliver the data to the right end. (ii) Accuracy: The system must deliver data accurately. (iii) Timelines: The system must deliver timely data. Main element of data communication and work: A data communication system usually consists of five elements; namely-- (i) Message,  (ii) Source and sender of data,  (iii) Receiver of data,  (iv) Medium,  (v) Protocol (1) Message: The message is what is sent. Messages can be of various types, such as text, image, audio/sound, video etc...