Internet
The Internet is the dominant medium in the computer networking process of today's world. Thanks to the Internet, all the computer users of the entire world have been able to be bound in the same circle. As a result, mutual cooperation, solidarity, etc. have increased unexpectedly. So some call the Internet a network of networks. However, it can be said that the Internet is the dominant force in all computer networking in the current world. The “Internet” is dominating the field by bringing the vast empire of the computer world into its hands.
Thanks to the Internet, the communication system has been greatly improved. People can get news from different parts of the world in a short time and at a low cost. You can send the necessary information to the nearest person in any part of the world in a moment. Milestones of internet speed. It plays an immense role in today's communication system and information exchange. NET family members will find solutions to most of their computer-related problems. It is possible to travel from one end of the world to the other with the touch of a hand. Information on anything from Rabindranath's Nobel Prize can be gleaned instantly. One can find a like-minded friend from any part of the world. People of different professions in the world can obtain information related to their own profession through the Internet communication system. Knowing new information with the help of the internet. Businessmen can send any information to different parts of the world in a short time at a low cost. Researchers engaged in research are learning new information with the help of the Internet. The field of education has become vibrant with the constant interaction of students and teachers. Even thanks to the Internet, the favourite gift can be sent to the loved one living on the other side of the world.
IP Address
Every person in the world has a name to identify himself. There may be more than one person in the same village or country with the same name, but each person has a different address. Just as there is a number for each phone set in the telephone, each computer on the Internet has an identity, known as an IP (Internet Protocol) address.
At the request of John Postel, Paul Mockapetris invented and first implemented the Domain Name System in 1983. Its original specification can be found in RFC 882 and RFC 883. RFC 1034 and 1035 were published in November 1987, updating the DNS specification. As a result, RFCs 882 and 883 were superseded. Various extensions to the current DNS core have been proposed in several recent RFCs.
Currently, Internet Protocol version 4 or IPVA is in use. IPVA systems require a total of four octets (8-bit binary) numbers to represent each IP address. So 32 bits are required to reveal the full address. Each octet is separated by a dot (.). The first two octets of the IP address reveal the network ID and the last two octets the host ID. An IP address represented by the Network ID Host ID is --
110000001010100000001011_00000001 Because binary numbers are difficult to remember, IP addresses are also written with their decimal equivalents. 000000 10101000.00001011.00000001 The decimal equivalent of the IP address is 192.168.11.01.
Below is a network with IP addresses - 32-bit addresses have become insufficient due to increasing network expansion. To solve this problem 128 bit IP address called IP was introduced. Enabled is getting enough IP addresses.
Domain
Remembering my IP address is quite difficult. And to make this difficult issue easier, a method called Domain Name System (DNS) is used on the Internet. DNS is an alphanumeric (number of characters) of an IP address. For example, using www.aiub.edu (DNS) the IP address number 172.168.10.1 can be bridged to the computer. There are different parts of a domain name, namely- root level (Root level), second level (Secon ■vel) etc. The type of domain can be understood from the root level part of the domain name. For example, if com is a commercial organization, if Edu is an educational institution, if the net is a network, org is an institution, etc. The second part of the domain name contains the domain name itself. For example, education (Shikha), Microsoft (Microsoft), Oracle (oracle Intel (intel) etc.) Domain names are separated by periods (.).
Internet Resources and Services:
ISP in Bangladesh: The first internet service was launched in Bangladesh in 1996. The Internet service was then called the Information Services Network or ISN. Bangladesh Wire and Telephone Board or BTTB is Bangladesh's first Direct ISP (ISP). It was established in 1998. DSAT-satellite media is used to provide commercial internet facilities in our country. ISPs are connected to the Internet through Visit-satellite media.
Some ISPs in Bangladesh: Some of the ISPs that are providing internet services in Bangladesh are---
(i) Ogni System Ltd,
(ii) Bangladesh Online Limited (BOL),
(iii) Proshika Net,
(iv) BD Link,
(v) Brac BD Mail Network,
(vi) Bangladesh T&T Board (BTTB),
(vi) Grameen Cybernet Limited (GSL),
(vii) Ganaphone Bangladesh Limited (GBL),
(ix) Bijoy Online Ltd etc.
Functions of ISPs: ISPs provide Internet connectivity to consumers. These ISPs have to rely on foreign satellites to provide internet services. The ISP rents the channels of these satellites for a fixed fee every year. These channels are used for uploading and downloading.
Internet service provided by ISP: ISP basically provides Internet connection to Internet users. such as--
Broadband connection: ISPs provide this type of Internet connection through a specific IP address. A telephone line is not required in this case. Such connection is provided with the help of cable through a network card. Customers can get internet service 24 hours a day and if a customer wants to connect at certain times of the day like at night for a few hours.
Many ISPs offer radio links, DSL and cable modem Internet services. Corporate customers, cybercafes, and local broadband internet connection companies use more bandwidth through radio links from ISPs. In this case, this connection is given to multiple computers in any organization. Such connections are established through LANs or local area networks.
Download and Upload resources using popular browsers and search engines on the Internet:
Browsing:
The meaning of the word browsing is to know the details about the organization by entering the Web Address of any organization. For example, if someone wants to know more about Bangladesh Computer Council, then they have to enter the address www.bcc.net.bd. Different countries around the world add their own country code to their web. Such as Singapore - .sg, Australia - .au, Canada - .ca, Thailand - th, Japan - jp. United Kingdom-uk Bangladesh-.bd etc.
Method of web browsing with the help of search engine:
If you do not know the exact address of the web page, you can easily search the web with the help of a search engine. Searching Lono from the Internet To find any specific information with the help of a search engine the following steps are performed sequentially--
(i) Connect to the Internet and open Internet Explorer.
(ii) Enter the name of any search engine in the address bar.
(iii) In the search text box, write the subject web page you want to open and enter.
(iv) The required information can be collected by opening the desired web page from the received list.
Web Browsing Using Microsoft Internet Explorer:
Internet Explorer is a popular browser software developed by Microsoft. Must be setup first to use Microsoft Internet Explorer.
Steps in Web Browsing: The following steps are performed step by step to browse the Internet using Microsoft Internet Explorer.
(i) Connecting to the Internet.
(ii) Launching the Internet Explorer program from the desktop or from the Programs menu.
(iii) Enter the specified web page address in the address box or location box.
(iv) Website, Waiting for reply, connect for etc. can be seen one by one in the status bar.
(v) When the entire page is opened, the necessary information can be obtained from it or other related websites can be accessed through hyperlinks.
(vi) While working on a page, various toolbar commands can be used to move from one page to another. Click Forward button on toolbar to go to previous page. If you want to come to the beginning, you have to click on the Home button.
For example, you need to browse Prothom Alo's web page. First, type Prothom Alo's address http://www.prothom-alo.org in the address box of Internet Explorer and after a while, Prothom Alo's web page will appear on the screen.
(i) News headlines will appear first. User can read detailed information by clicking on the titles.
(ii) There are also buttons to go to other pages on the right side. Through which the user can easily navigate.
The process of exchanging various types of information in computer networking process is called E-Mail or Electronic Mail. Usually the E-Mail Address is userid@servername.domainname where userid means the account name or User Name of the user, Servername is the domain name under which the server is registered. Eg – techstorror@gmail.com
serverName is the name of the server to be used and gmail.com should be used as Google Server-a.com domain name is registered.
Attaching files to e-mail messages:
E-mail can usually only send text messages. Because e-mail programs can type normal text and perform some common formatting tasks. But files created in other programs can be attached to e-mail using the e-mail's attach command. In this case, the customer needs to have the program in his computer to open the file attached to the program. For example, if a MS Word document file is sent as an attachment, the customer must have the MS Word program on his computer to open it. E-mail messages can be attached using any of the following methods --
(i) In the File menu of the New Message Insert window, select or
(ii) Use the mouse to select the Attachment button on the tool bar.
Then a dialog box will appear and select and attach the file.
Opening attached files: Attached files that come with mail can be easily opened.
Clip icon will appear on the left side of the various incoming mails in the inbox that have attached files.
From the inbox and the name of the attached file can be seen on the right side of the attachment under
Subject: When receiving an attached foul, the program's monogram or logo of the program in which the file was made and the name of the file are given below the message.
• Double clicking on the logo or name of the file with the mouse pointer will open the file. or,
• Clicking the Open button from the menu displayed by clicking the right mouse button will open the file.
Steps to e-mail:
To send an e-mail, follow the steps below--
(i) E-mail must be created in Messe.
(ii) If you want to send any other file along with the mail, it should be attached with the attach instruction.
(iii) Type the e-mail recipient's address, Cc (Curbon Copy), Bcc (Blind Curbon Copy) etc. in the address bar.
(iv) Connect to the Internet and select Send to send the mail.
Deleting e-mail messages: To delete a message, first select the message header. -Then click on the delete button from the toolbar. Also the delete button can be clicked after opening the message. This does not completely delete the message, rather the message itself will be emptied by the Delete Items folder. If you want to empty the Delete Items folder manually, follow the steps below. First select the Delete Items folder. Click on Edit menu and click on Empty "Deleted Itmes' Folder. Confirmation message will appear and click on Yes button.
E-mail printing: E-mail messages can be printed as hard copies on paper. To print an e-mail, click the print dialog in the inbox of the mail to be printed or press Ctrl + P. Turn on the printer, set the paper correctly, select the options in the print menu and click the OK button. The e-mail will be printed on paper.
Comments
Post a Comment