A characteristic of science or technology is innovation in a particular conventional method. Computer is the machine that has directly or indirectly changed all aspects of human civilization. For good reason, the influence of computers in this society is everywhere. Today, the whole world is within the reach of human hands. In addition to being interconnected, sharing information, education, industry, commerce, entertainment, digital devices are in full control. Conventional ideologies have broken down, social relations, even state, government, administration have changed. In all fields the scope of human knowledge is expanding. Never before in the history of human civilization has the age of information and communication technology changed so much.
Concept of Global Village
The concept of the worldgram first appeared in two books by Canadian philosopher Marshall McLuhan, The Gutenberg Galaxy: The Making of Typographic Man (1962) and Understanding Media (1964). There he shows that every part of the world is connected through electronic technology. That is why information is equally accessible at all ends at the same time. Marshall McLuhan characterized the Internet as an "extension of consciousness".
Currently, the term "Global Village" is used to refer to the Internet and the World Wide Web (WWW). With the help of the Internet, the geographical distance disappears in an instant. Real time communication facility eliminates the distance gap and creates opportunities to enjoy the same content simultaneously according to needs and interests. The increase in internet speed has made this opportunity more accessible and affordable. Examples include Skype, Facebook, MySpace and Twitter. All these facilities create opportunities for social and political integration of people no matter where they are in the world. The increasing development of information and communication technology (ICT) is playing a major role in creating the global village.
Introduction of Global Village
Positive aspects
Tolerance is increasing as opportunities are created to know about people from different parts of the world. As the way to know about each other is easy, the acquaintance between each other is increasing. Every caste or group has its own culture and tradition. As the opportunity to know each other is created, the acceptance between each other increases. Increased communication also increases the likelihood of increased empathy and compassion.
Negative aspects
Efforts to increase antisocial activities of antisocial people by taking advantage of easy communication with each other due to uncertain perception of society's desirability continue. As cyber communication becomes easier, the desire and tendency to communicate in reality is decreasing, which is why isolation is increasing. Hackers and other cybercriminals gain unwanted control over others by breaking through security. Through which personal and financial matters are controlled and manipulated, causing social and financial damage.
Communication
The technology by which different people located in remote places can communicate with each other at low cost, quickly, is called communication technology. And the information system in which information is exchanged between different people or organizations using computers and the Internet is called Way Based Information System. For example, video conferencing is done in Web based information system, bulletin board is used, reservation system, even electronic fund transfer is done.
Several discoveries in the field of communication further cemented the idea of a world village. It has also played an effective role in turning the world into a village.
Electronic Mail
Abbreviation of electronic mail (Electronic Mail) is e-mail (E-mail). A special method of exchanging data quickly and cheaply is called e-mail. Electronic mail is sent using a combination of data communication and word processing. E-mail is done with the help of internet. It is a state-of-the-art technology for exchanging information between two or more people at a distance. Sending e-mail requires a computer, modem, telephone line, Internet connection and some special software. The biggest advantage of the computerized e-mail system is that the sender can be sure of receiving the recipient's data in less time. In this method, the same mail can be sent to multiple people simultaneously. E-mail is similar to the regular postal system. Each e-mail user has an e-mail address; Just as calls are for receiving letters. Just as we can send letters or necessary documents, pictures, audio/video tapes etc. through ordinary post, it is also possible through e-mail.
Video Conference
In the era of information and communication technology, video conferencing is the most modern way to conduct meetings or events between multiple people located at remote locations, saving time and cost. In 1975, Murray Turf invented this method. Audio and video devices are used in such systems. Through this technology, users can exchange opinions quickly even if they are located far away. At present, teachers, students, doctors-patients, researchers from all over the world are communicating with each other and exchanging necessary information through video conferencing.
In video conferencing, students and teachers have to be present at a specific time in a room with a specific mechanical system instead of a conventional classroom. At present communication is being established between different countries using this technology. Video conferencing technology is also being successfully used in open universities in Korea, China, Taiwan, Japan. One can consult health doctors or talk to distant patients. Video conferencing has created new possibilities in communication.
Bulletin Board
A bulletin board is an electronic system used to deliver advertisements on the Internet, consisting of telephone lines and high-powered computers. To keep the bulletin board running, the server used for it needs to be connected to a telephone line at all times. A relatively low power computer is connected to this system which is ready to provide data all the time. Important information can be added to the bulletin board of an individual or organization. Bulletin board is much like the notice board of a school or college. The World Wide Web (www) used today for different web pages is an example of a bulletin board that is used to store and display web pages from different countries around the world. A fixed annual fee is payable for advertising on the bulletin board.
Reservation System
Reservation system is any type of seat reservation system by electronic means. This method requires computer, modem, internet connection, software. That is, it is an electronic method of pre-registration for different products or services. Airline, railway, bus and hotel reservation systems use wide area computer networks. In this system, the reservation information from one place is provided instantly to all other places through computer network. The main advantage of this method is that any service can be pre-registered in less time, less cost, without wasting labor. The US SABER system is a system used for airline seat reservations. The Holidex system used for the Holiday Inn hotel chain is another example of a reservation system. Such systems are common in hotels, bus ticket counters, and various railway ticket counters in our country. Networking based reservation system is also used by several private organizations and Bangladesh Biman.
Employment
Employment in information and communication technology is abbreviated as IT career. Modern informatics divides IT careers into two categories first. First, there may be computer knowledge for other occupations, such as office executive. An office executive today needs to know how to e-mail, how to collect data and store it on a computer, etc. Second, the complete IT professional. That is, the person who will do the work related to the computer. For example, we can talk about the network administrator, who will setup and maintain the entire office network.
People from various developing countries including Bangladesh migrate to developed countries for work. Before the introduction of internet technology, people used to get information about recruitment outside the country through newspapers and magazines. But nowadays, through internet, employment news from any part of the world is available at home. Various websites are open for job news in the country and abroad,
www.linkedin.com
www.bdjobs.com.bd, www.bd.gigajob.com, www.chakrimela.com,
www.careerjet.com are some such websites.
Career in information and communication technology
It is impossible to make a precise classification of computer careers. Careers in this ever-evolving field are also extensive. Every career is very interesting and fascinating.
Those who are good at maths and science, have a keen sense of logic and interest in research, are suitable for computer science. They will mainly work as software programmers or as user interface designers or computer systems engineers. There is also computer engineer as an academic career. In this case also the highest degree of the university is required. They basically work with machines, tools, chips etc like other engineers. They design new components. Researched new hardware technologies.
Non-Academic Sector: Non-academic sector has huge employment opportunities. A university degree is not required to become a professional in the non-academic sector. Most required interest and practical knowledge. Because they basically don't do research. Rather, research applies knowledge. When an organization outsources its work to another person or organization for a fixed fee, it is called outsourcing. Recently many of the young generation of our country are earning a lot of foreign exchange through outsourcing. Outsourcing work is called freelancing. Anyone skilled in working with various software can do outsourcing work from home using internet. Websites for outsourcing work are called online marketplaces. The name can be registered by visiting the website called www.freelancer.com. Outsourcing work can be done anywhere in the world if there is an internet connection. Programming, data entry, website creation, games development, manufacturing etc. are done through outsourcing. At present Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Philippines, Malaysia etc. countries are earning a lot of foreign currency by using the talent of educated manpower in ICT education of their respective countries.
Education
At any stage from primary education to research, appropriate education, up-to-date and accurate information is essential. The use of information and communication technology in presentation work as an educational tool is equally important as a medium of education. Also, the use of information and communication technology in the field of education management such as electronic catalog system in libraries, storage and analysis of student data, etc., facilitates the education system.
In the society of this century, communication, entertainment, household, sports, education are all becoming dependent on technology. Digital education is a popular medium of education all over the world. Not only the developed world, but also in several underdeveloped countries of Asia-Africa, the digital education system is expanding widely. All over the world it is expanding mainly to reduce the cost of educational materials and to modernize the education system.
Applicable fields in accurate and effective information flow in the field of education:
In this era of information and communication technology, computers and other related devices are becoming integrated with our existence. Currently information and communication technology is being used successfully in almost all areas of human life. Among these, its use in educational institutions has made the educational system better and richer.
Computers have many uses in educational institutions. Information and communication technology is being successfully used in teaching, research work, data storage, accounting, preparation, publication and storage of examination results, storage of personal and educational information of teachers-staff and students, administrative communication etc.
Information and communication technology is used in teaching in various ways. Computers are used in the process of color recognition through multimedia, teaching through stories, learning pronunciation, teaching through question and answer, etc. in primary classes. Moreover, with the help of still and moving images, CDs can be used to present solutions to various problems in Arithmetic, Algebra, Chemistry, Physics, Biology, Sociology, History and Geography very easily. Nowadays computers are used to successfully carry out any research work. Medical students can learn Anatomy, Physiology very well with the help of CDs. These are created on CDs and have a finer and more detailed view than in real life.
All types of data storage in educational institutions are done with the help of computers. All information of an educational institution is stored in computer memory. All this information is collected from memory through internet as per the later requirement.
Extensive use of information and communication technology is possible in technical and vocational education. Computers are very useful for interactive learning and simulation. In this case computers and some other ICT products are used as teaching aids. Multimedia facilities and the use of multimedia projectors have facilitated computer-mediated education. There are various educational websites on the internet, such as www.khanacademy.org. www.caffebd.org are some popular websites.
Information technology is also being used in education administration. Computers are now widely used to generate and publish exam results in our country. The answers to the impersonal subjects are evaluated by the computer and the results are generated and stored in memory. In our country now the results of public examinations like SSC and HSC are published on the internet, which can be obtained instantly from a village information center. In Bangladesh it is possible to know the results through mobile SMS (SMS).
Distance learning is the most well-documented example of information and communication technology in education. Information and communication technology can easily remove barriers of financial capability and geographical distance. There is no substitute for education system through distance learning to provide quality education to busy and remote people. As internet is easily available in developed countries, it can play an effective role in distance education system. The world's 6 largest distance learning universities are located in the developing countries of Turkey, Indonesia, China, India, Thailand and Korea. Distance learning has been more successful in expanding university-level education. Through this, students can view the teacher's lecture sheets on the website, submit homework online, evaluate the portfolio and publish on the website, etc.
Treatment
Currently, the use of computers in various tasks related to diagnosis and treatment is increasing day by day. Computerization of diagnosis and quality control of drugs reduces the risk of error.
Data of symptoms of various diseases, various blood conditions etc. are kept in the computer. Later, the results of various blood tests of the patient are inputted into the computer. The computer compares the two and predicts the possible disease. Besides, the computer-controlled scanner can accurately judge the brain and other important units of the body and tell if there is any abnormality anywhere or what kind of abnormality there is.
Biosensors will be used in the near future to simplify tests for diagnosis. Biosensors are already being used in diabetic diagnosis. Such biosensors are available in many drug stores in our country. A biosensor is basically a device that can detect biological components of the body. The first idea of biosensor was given by Professor Clarke in 1956. At that time he invented the oxygen electrode. He developed the widely used diabetic biosensor mentioned earlier. Although the biosensor could not give accurate results in the beginning, nowadays, due to the improvement of microfluidic technology, nanotechnology and the proper use of these technologies, the biosensor can give very accurate results. In this case the concept of Lab-on-a-chip is becoming possible due to the improvement of nanotechnology. A small chip can replace a large laboratory. Biosensors can help combat chemical weapons in the medical field as well as in agriculture and defense.
In addition to medicine, computers play an important role in ensuring administrative efficiency in hospitals and clinics. A variety of diagnostic programs are used instead of doctors in drug selection, especially when it comes to keeping track of disease and patient information and prescriptions. After providing the necessary information including symptoms of the disease, the computer selects the name of the drug and prints the consumption rules in the form of a report.
Currently, through the Internet, a patient from any part of the world can go to the website of a specialist doctor from any other part and take a consultation by paying the prescribed treatment fee through a credit card. The doctor on the other end can see the patient's medical report through the web camera. In many cases, the expert surgeon can watch the entire procedure through video conferencing during the operation, and even give advice if necessary. As a result, a specialist doctor in the developed world can provide his services to the people of underdeveloped countries. Some of the websites to get medical treatment online from any part of the world are www.treatmentonline.com, www.doctorsbd.com etc.
Recently, with the help of mobile phone, video conferencing, internet etc. technology, remote treatment has started. Telemedicine and e-health is the highest application of information and communication technology in health care. Where by combining some technologies it is possible to improve the quality of medical services, reduce medical costs, provide quality services, improve medical education and doctor's skills. Because through this technology it is possible to store and analyze the information of the patient's medical care, to exchange opinions through teleconferencing between doctors located in different regions, to exchange medical education, to store and exchange research related information. At present, a medical consultation system has been introduced from the expert doctors of Dhaka through video conferencing in the diabetic hospital of Faridpur district city of Bangladesh.
History of telemedicine
The journey of telemedicine started after the invention of telephone.
In 1906 Eindhoken experimented with ECG transmission using telephone lines.
In the 1920s, radio was used to provide emergency treatment and advice to sailors on ships.
In 1955, the Nebraska Psychiatric Institute in America started telemedicine services through closed circuit TV.
In 1970, remote areas of Alaska and Canada began to provide telemedicine services through satellite.
Research
The use of information and communication technology makes research work enjoyable, fast, easy and affordable. Just as information and communication technology can be used by school students in research, ICT is also used by PhD researchers or new discoveries. Large established researchers are not limited to their own research data processing; Use information technology to collect data, share experiences with other researchers, coordinate the work of all, and use research results for human benefit. Recently, information technology has been widely and successfully used in the discovery of jute genome due to the lack of research opportunities and trends in our country. Yet the use of information and communication technology in research is also low.
Students of schools, colleges, universities at various times collect, analyze and research information on science, technology, agriculture, etc. to publish the results, which in most cases are not possible to publish in newspapers or other media. So the information obtained from the research can be easily published through the blog. Information published through blogs instantly travels to different parts of the world and comments, opinions, advantages, disadvantages are quickly known. Through this, others can be interested in research.
Office
The concept of office is changing every day with the application of information and communication technology. The idea that an office is a pile of files has changed. Office means 9-5, that idea has changed. The idea that office means a separate building in a specific place has also changed. In the concept of paperless office, information is stored on hard disk, CD, DVD. The concept of office space or time has changed due to the implementation of virtual office. No need to go to office or school college university for registration, results as SMS or online system is introduced.
Now you don't have to stand in a long line in front of the bank to deposit or withdraw money. There is no shame in queuing up for passports, driving licenses or land parcels. There is no unnecessary time wasted as there is a system to notify through SMS after the preparation.
One of the ideas that has helped to change the concept of the office or integrate the modern office with the concept of a global village is office automation. Office automation is a system where with the help of various types of computers, computer-based devices and software, data collection, data processing, data storage, etc. are done digitally. Office automation systems are used for basic tasks related to data storage, electronic distribution and digital management of office operations. Office automation helps to shorten, simplify and automate office management tasks.
Local Area Network (Local Area Network LAN) plays a key role in office automation. All office work is done quickly and accurately by using computer hardware and software using computer hardware and software, creating, saving, updating and distributing among the members, mail exchange, accounting or database.
Information and communication technology can be used in various ways in government administration. Regular evaluation of each job is published on the web pages of respective organizations to bring transparency in government activities. Facilitating two-way communication of government with government ministers or policy makers through e-mail to express people's feelings, needs and opinions.
The concept of the global village has also changed the concept of the office due to the advancement of information and communication systems. Currently, virtual drive is available on www.dropbox.com as a free service of Google, where users from any part of the world can store their audio, video, text, image files. As a result, even if the user's hard disk is damaged, files are still available from the virtual drive.
Residence
Currently, there are various free websites on the internet through which one can check and modify house designs. www.homestyle.com is one such website through which home design can be done. The use of information and communication technology in residences is used to varying degrees. The diversity of work demands of the age of members in residence is great. Along with that, the variety and use of digital devices is also very wide. At home, information and communication technology devices are used to facilitate household tasks such as office work, entertainment, communication with relatives abroad. With the advancement of technology, more electronic devices such as DVD players, gaming PCs, gaming consoles are invented for home use. In the beginning they were all isolated. But at present, in the concept of digital home, a new system or digital home is created through coordination by creating interconnection between each device. Digital home does not have to go to each device and operate it. It is possible to sit in one room and use the device of another room. Home networking, remote control and automation technology help in that case. At the core of the digital home system concept is a PC or laptop. Because the PC itself is an integrated form of many electronic devices. PCs are built on platforms with numerous interconnections. Moreover, the PC is considered ideal for interfacing with all other devices due to various application program interface standard technologies and various input-output systems. A digital home is created by working in a few steps. Wireless network setup is done through wireless router setup. The digital media adapter is setup and configured by establishing a wireless connection to the TV and stereo with the PC. Setting up cameras for security or other needs and placing them on a home wireless network. Add personal video recording software to a notebook or PC to record favorite TV shows. Use wireless home networks to share files between PCs, laptops and smartphones as well as provide Internet access from any device. Currently, IP cameras are used for security, so the condition of the apartment can be monitored from any corner.
Business
The economic development of the country is largely dependent on the development of trade and commerce in that country. Computers have been playing an important role in improving the quality of business and commerce by providing fast business communication, quick service to customers, accounting of business profit and loss, quantity of stored goods and other business functions. Computers are used in many important business functions.
(1) Determining the amount of stock
(2) Calculation of salary of employees
(3) Banking activities
(4) Trading of goods
(5) Income-expenditure account
(6) Design work etc.
As business is conducted with the help of the Internet, many incredible impossible things will also seem very common.
E-Commerce: The short form of Electronic Commerce is E-Commerce. E-commerce is the process of buying and selling products and services online. Its main difference with traditional marketing is that there is no direct connection between buyers and sellers. The entire buying and selling process is completed by sharing information from thousands of miles away. In fact, the main difference between e-commerce and e-commerce is that in e-commerce there is no direct connection between the buyer and the seller, so communication costs are completely eliminated. In this case, product verification can be done from anywhere in the world and orders can be placed online. Even the payment process can be done online. The product is delivered to the customer's home by courier or any other similar method. Basically e-commerce is changing our daily life. I can buy all the things through internet sitting at home. It saves time and money. www.bikroy.com, www.cellbazaar.com, www.ebay.com etc. are few e-commerce oriented web sites.
E-commerce is generally divided into four categories. namely
(1) Business to Consumer B2C
(2) Business to Business: B2B
(3) Consumer to Business C2B
(4) Consumer to Consumer: C2C
(1) Business to Consumer B2C: Business-to-consumer e-commerce is known as B2C. In 1992, the first business was conducted using the Internet. Since then it has continued to expand rapidly. In this method, the consumer can receive the service directly from the producer of the product. Through this, the consumer can select the desired product, order, and even pay the price at home.
(2) Business to Business B2B: Business to Business e-commerce is known as B2B. Through this, traders can wholesale with each other. Through this, retailers can inform wholesalers about orders, payments, and even new products.
(3) Consumer to Business C2B: Consumer to Business e-commerce is known as C2B. There are some businesses where the seller collects the goods from the consumer class and pays the price. For example, a department store in the city will order fresh vegetables daily from the village online through web cam. In this case C2B method can be used.
(4) Consumer to Consumer C2C: Consumer to consumer e-commerce is known as C2C. At present the consumer can buy and sell himself to another consumer online. For example, C2C is becoming very popular for buying and selling vintage items online from the comfort of your home. E-Banking: There is no concept of bank branch in online banking. Customers can visit any branch and make transactions. Online banking has a central database, which is connected to the application server, and each customer has a customer ID. As a result, customers can transact money at any branch, irrespective of the country, and the database will be updated with the transaction. Online banking requires a good software. Along with the communication system between the branches of the bank.
V-sat, radio link etc. can be used for communication. Basically, the better the communication system, the more comfortable online banking will be. Online banking is also popular in our country even though e-commerce or internet is in vogue
Lack of desired popularity has not yet arrived.
Business Communication: With the advent of the Internet across the globe, the business world began to revolutionize has been in the earlier or conventional system, business establishments were the center of business and commerce. Today, the Internet and e-commerce have made the customer the center of the business. Currently, the Internet provides direct communication between the buyer and the factory. As a result, buyers, especially corporate buyers, can decide what their product will look like. Dell Computer Corporation offers its customers the opportunity to purchase products as per their needs through the web site. The car is reaching the buyer's home within five days of ordering the car according to their needs online. Toyota company has introduced this system since 1995. Famous American or European car companies like General Motors or Forte want to follow the same path. one
According to the study, selling directly from the factory has the potential to reduce the value of the car by 30%.
News
Ancient news gathering or broadcasting system technology
Changed with progress. Current information and
Speed in news gathering and distribution in the age of communication technology
has arrived Mobile phones and internet are playing an important role in gathering news. It is becoming possible to send news instantly from any remote part of the country and it is also possible to distribute it instantly. A new part or term of news has been born on TV these days called latest news or breaking news. satellite
Thanks to technology, people can easily watch world news on different channels. Due to the opportunity to reach the news quickly, the newspapers are also getting the news whenever it is received and if it is received on time, it is also printed in the next day's paper. Online editions of newspapers are also very popular now. Because of that
Its online version is available before the news is printed in the paper newspaper. As internet can be easily browsed on mobile phones these days, it is becoming possible to view newspapers and mobile phones as well.
Mobile phone companies in our country also provide various news as content. Especially the various TV news can be enjoyed by the customers at any time for a few bucks, there is no need to cut the news from the newspaper anymore. Many newspapers have archives from which news stories past any date can be retrieved as needed. Many newspapers send news summaries of the type of news subscribers want via e-mail.
Recreation and Social Communication
Entertainment and social communication are also becoming increasingly dependent on information and communication technology. The availability of fast internet connections and satellite systems makes it possible to broadcast any entertainment content worldwide. Nowadays sports events like cricket or football or Olympics are being broadcasted live on big screens. Computer games are a major form of entertainment. With the help of fast internet, games are being played online with someone else in a faraway country. Not only are these games entertaining, but games can play a good role in developing computer skills. At present, films made in digital format are being played simultaneously in many cinema halls across the country under central control. That trend has also started in our country. Many movies are premium on cable TV. People all over the world are enjoying it together.
In spite of all the good things, some bad effects of computer are being observed. Irregular use of computers in all cases is causing new physical, mental or social problems. Those who type on the computer for a long time, or play games or do other work, are more likely to develop this disease. Not only physical problems but also psychological problems arise due to excessive use of information and communication technology. To overcome loneliness, many lean in front of the computer, spend time chatting. The mind is cheerful. Getting acquainted with a friend thousands of miles away. The exchange is of expression. Getting to know new information, wealth of knowledge is getting rich. But many are giving extra time behind it. Overtime is often a problem. Their interest in internet never ceases day and night. From time to time they are sitting in front of the computer. Even if they spend hours in front of the computer, the fascination does not end. At one point the computer leaves, but a kind of dissatisfaction remains. This dissatisfaction haunts them throughout the day.
! Cultural Exchange
In a long time, the many accomplished children of a country made their contribution point by point to their culture. The culture and tradition of a country or nation is created by the interrelated customs or words or the glorious achievements, words and great thoughts of the people of the family, the nation of the country. The culture of a country is created by the interaction of soil, weather and climate.
Culture moves like a flowing river through constant refinement, modification and refinement. It is the custom of culture to move forward by accepting new things. For that reason, new inventions will naturally be the bearers and carriers of culture. Television, computer games and internet play the biggest role in that field. The invention of satellite television made it easy to spread one's culture and learn about other cultures. With the expansion of the Internet, distance is reduced. Although Canada and Bangladesh are geographically opposite, the time difference is only a few seconds. As a result, there is an opportunity to learn about each other's culture and take the good parts very naturally.
As in other sectors, the history of extensive use of information and communication technology in the cultural arena in Bangladesh is not very old. From the Internet to cable TV, the East-West divide has been eliminated thanks to technology. Along with state boundaries, cultural boundaries are also rising. People of this country are getting familiar with world culture.
Village people are also watching multi channel programs through satellite. New movies no longer have to be rented on CDs. Opening the cable shows all the newly released films. Satellite TVs provide information, sports news or entertainment. However, its adverse reactions are already being noticed. But as the doors of the world open, the culture of other nations enters us. Wants to consume our long tradition. our food
Fast food is taking over the tradition. Interest in new subjects is a good sign. But it becomes a matter of concern when another culture consumes us, in this case our awareness can play a proper role behind this decay of culture. As a tool can be used - information and communication technology. Our language and our traditions can protect us from these things.
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