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What is cryosurgery? How does it work?

Cryosurgery

Another name for cryosurgery is cryotherapy. The word cryo means ice cold. Cryosurgery is a procedure in which abnormal body tissues are removed at extremely low temperatures. This method has been used in various skin treatments for about a hundred years. Currently, this method is widely used in the treatment of various skin diseases such as acne, mechata, mole mecha and skin cancer. Currently, cryosurgery or cryotherapy is being used to treat not only skin but also liver, piles, mouth cancer, prostate or certain types of bone cancer, cervical cancer. Cryosurgery is very popular in the treatment of prostate cancer in elderly patients. If there is a tumor somewhere inside the body, a thin needle-like instrument, known as a cryoprobe, is inserted into the tumor. The cryowasher contains a camera to collect ultrasound images. The cryoprobe is connected to a computer. Specialists can manage the operation by viewing the location through special software.

 This technology is mainly used in patients who are elderly or cannot tolerate the rigors of radiotherapy or surgery. This type of treatment is effective in tumors that are mainly confined to a specific area, hard and not too small. This procedure is used to treat advanced and non-metastatic cancer. Otherwise this method is not very effective.

Abnormal cells are destroyed by exploiting the cell's ability to destroy cells at freezing temperatures. In this case, at extremely cold temperatures, small ball-shaped ice crystals are formed inside the cell membrane, which destroys the cell membrane. In addition, the arteries that supply blood to the tissues are frozen, blocking the blood supply. Typically, liquid nitrogen, solid carbon dioxide, argon and dimethyl ethane-propane are used as coolants. It is applied outside the body in the form of a spray with the help of a brush or a device or on the tissues of the affected area in the case of skin. The method of application and the amount of cold applied depends on the location, size, depth and tissue type of the wound. For tumor tissue, temperatures between -120 and 165°C are applied. For the treatment inside the body, cold material is passed through the cryoprobe tube to freeze the tumor, including an inch or two of surrounding tissue. As a precaution, the temperature of the surrounding area is monitored with the help of thermosensors to protect the good cells from cooling. In the case of tumors inside the body, first of all, the help of imaging method is taken with the help of transrectal ultrasound or magnetic resonance to determine the exact location and size of the tumor. In complex cases this process is repeated multiple times.

Currently, it is possible to use this technology in many hospitals of the world. This method of treatment has also started in our country.

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