Question-1. What is database?
Answer: The word Data means data and the word Base means assembly. So a collection of interrelated data that can be stored in a computer is called a database. For example, information of students of an institution, voter list, information of employees of a company, etc.
Question-2. What is the field?
Answer: Different parts of the record are called fields. Basically column heading is called field. such as
Name, Roll, Class, Age are each separate fields.
Question-3. What is the record?
Answer: The collection of data of several fields of a Data Table is called Record. Basically, the Record is obtained by combining the data of the rows of the Table.
Question-4. What does the word query mean?
Answer: Displaying specific data from a database through specific conditions very quickly and easily is called a query. Data can be conveniently selected using expressions, operators, filters, etc. in the query. Queries can be of various types are---
(i) Select Query
(ii) Parameter query
(iii) Crosstab Query
(iv) Action Queries
(v) SQL queries etc.
Question-5. What is data?
Answer - Data is the smallest unit of information. Data is all those elements, which are processed to obtain information. For example- suppose a boy named Tuhin, born on 02.01.1997, weight 50 kg, height 5 feet 6 inches. Here Tuhin, 02.01.1997, 50 kg, 5 feet 6 inches these are all individual data.
Question-6. What is the table?
Answer: Table is a basic element of database. It consists of rows and columns. Tables hold database information. A table contains one or more columns. Each table has a unique name and each column must have a unique name and data type specified. That is, the table in which database data is entered or stored is called data table. In other words, the table containing rows and columns i.e. fields and records is called a data table. A data table consists of rows, columns, fields, records and data.
Question-7. What is the form?
Answer: Form is a user interface with the database, which allows the user to save data and make new data entries. It displays all the fields of a record together.
Question-8. What is the report? Or, what is the report called?
Answer : Presenting the data stored in the database in a well-organized and attractive way is called a report. The report can be of several types are --
(i) Detail Report
(ii) Summary Report
(iii) Cross-Tabulation Report
(iv) Report with graph and chart
(Report with Graph & Chart)
(v) Report with Forms
(vi) Report with Label
Question-9. What do you mean by macro? Or, what are macros?
Answer: A macro is a set of periodic instructions or key strokes for a task, which can be operated by a single keyboard command.
Question-10. Enter the full name of the DBMS ?
Answer: The full name of DBMS is - Data Base Management System.
Question-11. What is information?
Answer: Processed data is called information. It expresses the full meaning and any conclusions can be drawn from it. Eg - Tuhin plays cricket. Here Cricket, Tuhin, Khela - this data is processed and an information is created.
Question-12. What is Row?
Answer - Row means row. According to the nature of the data, after arranging the fields of the data table side by side and entering the data under the fields side by side, the line of data created is called a row. That is, a row or row is made up of several fields of data.
Question-13. What is a column?
Answer: According to the nature of the data, after arranging the fields of the data table side by side and successively entering the data in the said fields, the data of each field is called a column. That is, a column is formed by the data of each field.
Question-14. What does relational database mean? Or, what is RDBMS?
Answer: The data in this type of database is organized as columns and rows of tables. Each column in this table has a heading and each field has a specific identifier. Later, small necessary data are generated from the original database and correlated with their identifiers. In each case the data is linked in such a way that any new data entry in one control data file affects other data files. In this way relational database is developed. And the system that is built for relational database management is called relational database management system.
Question-15. What is the purpose of database creation? Or, write practical fields in the database.
Or, specify the practical fields of the database.
Or, describe the practical areas of databases.
Or, what are the practical fields of database?
Or, write the uses of database.
Answer: Objectives or practical areas of database:
(i) Banking Management,
(ii) database file management,
(iii) execution of accounts,
(iv) customized software development,
(v) data entry and data processing,
(vi) proper storage and use of data;
(vill) Present data attractively by making graphs, charts, pictures,
(vii) Performing arithmetic operations on numerical data.
(ix) easy processing of large amounts of data,
(x) Data link can be used by connecting to internet or network computer.
Question-16. What are the benefits of database package programs? Or, write database facilities.
Ans : Advantages of database package program:
(i) Data can be presented very quickly.
(ii) Data can be handled very efficiently.
(iii) Stored data can be updated later.
(iv) Data in the database can be arranged in ascending and descending order as needed.
(v) Data can be processed in less time.
Question-17. What is a corporate database?
Answer : Corporate database is the information related to all types of initiatives and works of an industry/institution from its inception to present. It contains information about all the activities of a business. It also contains information about the history of the organization. Major banks, industries, government and private organizations use a type of database software for inter-communication systems. Such database software is called corporate database. Corporate databases are network based. As a result, sub-offices can easily maintain communication with the head quarter server database.
Question-18. What is relational database management system software? Or, write the name of how many database software?
Answer: Currently, there are various database management system software used in computers. Some of them are notable--
- Microsoft Access
- Oracle
- SQL
- Delphi
- InforMix
- Power Builder
- dBase
- FoxPro etc.
Question-20. What is DBMS? Or, write database management system functions.
Answer:) A database management system or DBMS is a collection of interrelated data and the programs needed to review that data. This interrelated information is called a database. All information of an organization is stored in this database. The main function of a DBMS is to facilitate the storage of information in a database and to facilitate its use. In short, DBMS performs all the functions of creating, accessing and maintaining the database.
Working of database management system:
(i) Creation of database as required
(ii) User Controls
(iii) Inclusion of new data/records
(iv) Finding and correcting data errors
(v) Omission of unnecessary data
(vi) Perform data editing
(vii) arrange any data alphabetically or numerically or otherwise;
(viii) Identifying and using the required data in the database
(ix) Generating and printing reports
(x) Data Security Provisions
(xi) Data storage etc.
Question-21. Write the difference between data and information?
The difference between data and information is as follows:
(i) Data is the smallest unit of information. Data can be one or more letters and symbols or even a full word.
(ii) Data is the material of information.
(iii) Data are usually isolated.
(iv) Data cannot be used directly in any database.
(v) Not dependent on data.
Characteristics of information:
(i) Information is a collection of data or data arranged in a meaningful way. That is, the collection of data of any subject that is understandable to others is called information
(ii) Information is the processed form of data or data. That is, information is created as a result of data processing.
(iii) Data is usually divided into different fields.
(iv) Information can be used directly in the database.
(v) Dependent on information data.
Question-21. Describe the distributed database model?
Answer: A distributed database is a network of multiple workstations or computer systems connected to a centrally controlled server. In this method, database creation, modification, editing, etc. are done independently in each workstation and the central database stored in the server is changed or updated according to the latest status of the database of the workstations. The central database on the server can change or modify the data text, data description language, etc. of the workstation database. In this way, in the distributed database system, the latest information can be collected from the database of the workstations through the central database of the server and the management and control of the databases of the workstations can be done. There are two main features of distributed database
(i) Distribution and
(ii) Logical Correlation.
Question-22. Write the basic functions of DBMS ?
Answer: The primary functions of a database management system are--
(i) Creation of database as required.
(ii) Inclusion of new data/records.
(iii) Checking and correcting spelling and numerical errors in data.
(iv) Searching or searching and correcting certain records and redundant data/records
(v) Querying data.
(vi) Generating and printing reports.
(vii) Sorting the entire database on the basis of any field as required.
(viii) Print the complete database or part of the database if necessary.
(ix) Updating the database and reducing data duplication as much as possible.
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