Hotspot, Wi-Fi, Wi-Max, Bluetooth
Hotspot: Hotspot is a type of wireless network that provides internet connection to mobile computers and devices such as smartphones, PDAs, tablets, netbooks, notebooks or laptops. Currently, the three popular hotspot technologies are – 1. Wi-Fi 2. Wi-Max 3. Bluetooth
Wi-Fi: Wi-Fi or wireless fidelity is a popular wireless technology that uses radio waves to connect any electronic device to a high-speed Internet connection or computer network to exchange data. It is technically known as IEEE 802.11b. Wi-Fi technology is relatively faster (11 Mbps) and less expensive than standard Ethernet and other common wired LAN technologies. Thus, the Wi-Fi wireless LAN connects laptop PCs, PDAs, smart phones, tabs and other devices with Wi-Fi modems to the rapidly growing business, public and the planet to easily connect to the Internet and other networks. A faster version (802.11g) with a speed of 54 Mbps promises widespread use of this technology.
Features of Wi-Fi:
(i) Wi-Fi is comparatively cheaper than local area network. Wireless local area network i.e. Wi-Fi can be easily used in remote areas, historic buildings etc. where there is no access to cable.
(ii) Manufacturers today make almost all laptops compatible with wireless networks. Wi-Fi chipset prices are starting to come down. As a result, more and more devices are being given a networking option.
(iii) Wi-Fi products certified by the Wi-Fi Alliance.
(iv) Wi-Fi of any quality will work anywhere in the world.
(v) Current versions of Wi-Fi are widely regarded as secure.
(vi) New quality of service protocols are making Wi-Fi more appropriate for voice and video applications.
(vii) Power saving system further improves battery operation.
(viii) Quality of Service cannot be guaranteed as each connection between base station and user device is formed based on different scheduling algorithms.
Disadvantages of Wi-Fi:
(i) Its data transfer is quite slow.
(ii) It is difficult to get coverage in places other than specified areas. For example, it is almost impossible to work with Wi-Fi while driving from one place to another.
(iii) Data security risks remain.
(iv) Network security risks exist.
(v) Wi-Fi coverage is limited. The house is about 32 meters inside and about 100 meters outside.
WI-MAX
The term Y-Max was coined in June 2001 by Y-Max-Kartik. Its full name is World Wide Interoperebilt for Microwave Access (WIMAX). Wi-MAX is a communication technology that provides high-speed wireless Internet services over a wide geographic area.
In 2005, the Wi-Max revision provided bit rates of up to 40 Mbps, which in 2011 was capable of providing up to 1 Gbit/s. It is also called 4G as part of fourth generation mobile technology or wireless communication technology. Wi-Max provides data transfer rates of up to 75 megabits/second, which is significantly faster than standard cable modems.
Benefits of Wi-Max:
(i) Provides portable mobile broadband connectivity in rural and urban areas through a variety of devices.
(ii) Wi-Max is a wireless alternative to cable and digital subscriber lines to ensure broadband access to the end of a geographical area. As a result, the internet can be accessed very easily.
(iii) Data exchange, telecommunications and IP TV services (triple play) etc. provide comprehensive support.
(iv) Provides internet connectivity support to businesses as part of continuity plans.
(vi) Cost is relatively low compared to other networks.
(vii) Spectrum efficiency is good enough.
(vii) Smart Metering.
(ix) Wi-Max has replaced the cellular phone. whose overall capacity is relatively high.
(x) The spread of Wi-max covers a large area. About 50 km across.
(xi) Wi-MAX media is based on the connection-oriented MAC protocol.
(xii) Service quality can be ensured as each connection between the base station and the user device is made based on a specific scheduling algorithm.
Disadvantages of Max:
(i) Wi-Max cannot provide speeds of more than 70 Mbps over distances of more than 50 km. As the distance increases the need for additional base stations arises. As a result, the cost increases.
(ii) Performance degrades when there are multiple active users in a single sector.
(iii) Signal problems occur in inclement weather.
(iv) Its maintenance cost is relatively high.
(v) Power consumption is relatively high due to high power requirement.
Bluetooth:
Bluetooth is a wireless personal area network protocol, which is used for data exchange over short distances. The distance is usually 10 to 100 meters. Currently, devices such as laptops, tablets, PDAs, smart phones etc. have Bluetooth built-in. Apart from that, Bluetooth can be activated on any computer with the help of a USB Bluetooth adapter. It is currently the most common and popular data communication protocol. Its data transfer rate is around 1 megabit/s or more. Multiple devices can be connected simultaneously using Bluetooth.
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