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Describe the classification of computers

Computers are classified based on two main characteristics.


(1) Computers can be divided into three categories based on the type and nature of work

(A) Analog computer (Analog computer),

(B) Digital computer (Digital computer).

(C) Hybrid computer (Hybrid computer).


(2) Digital computers can be divided into four categories based on size and capabilities:

(A) Supercomputer,

(B) Mainframe Computer,

(C) Mini Computer,

(D) Microcomputer (Micro Computer).


Digital Computer: The word digital is derived from the word Digit. In digital computers, letters, numbers, signals, symbols, etc. are used as input. Digital computers perform all kinds of processing operations using two binary digits - 0 (zero) and 1 (one). Digital computers can provide very precise and accurate results.

Analog Computer: The word Analog comes from the English word Analogy. The word anal means similarity. Analog computers operate by measuring electrical waves generated by variable data such as pressure, heat, fluid flow, etc., and display the results with a meter or probe. Analog computers are used to measure the speed of cars, airplanes, spaceships, etc., for fuel supply and pricing at petrol pumps.

Hybrid Computer: A computer made of mixed technology by combining the technology of analog and digital computers is called a hybrid computer. Such computers are used in hospital intensive care. In this case, the analog part receives the data of the patient's blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature, etc., and converts it into a digital signal suitable for use in the digital part and sends it to the digital part. The digital part reveals the patient's condition based on the information received.


(3) Digital computers can be classified into the following categories based on size and capabilities:

(A) Supercomputer: The supercomputer is the most powerful, fastest, and most expensive. The storage capacity, performance, and data processing speed of this class of computers, which are the largest in terms of shape, are incredible. Supercomputers are used in delicate scientific research, massive data analysis, spacecraft, fighter aircraft, missile control, space research, nuclear reactors, etc. CRAY-1, CYBER-205, etc. are examples of supercomputers.


(B) Mainframe Computer: A mainframe computer is a big computer, with which hundreds of people can work together by adding many small computers. Such computers have multiple processing units. Big companies use such computers. Mainframe computers are used to manage, control, analyze and evaluate banking, insurance, financial institutions, and scientific activities. UNIVAC 1100/01. Computers such as IBM-4341 etc. belong to this category.

(C)  Mini Computer: A computer smaller in size than a mainframe computer can be used by many users simultaneously through a terminal. Usually, such computers are used in industry, research, and banking activities. Example- PDP-8. IBMS/34. NCR S/9290, PDPII, etc.

(D) Microcomputer: The microcomputer is the most widely used computer made of the microprocessor. Usually, a person can use a microcomputer so it is also called a personal computer or PC. Such computers are widely appreciated among users due to their relatively low cost, easy portability, and ease of maintenance. The use of microcomputers in personal, business, official, government, and entertainment activities is increasing. Examples of microcomputers are IBM PC APPLE, Macintosh, etc.


Microcomputers can be divided into three types in terms of shape--

(A) Desktop Computer

(B) Laptop Computer

(C) Palmtop or Notebook Computer


(A) Desktop Computer: A microcomputer that can be placed on a desk or table is called a desktop computer. Typically microcomputers are such computers. Desktop computers are generally used in offices, various institutions, and homes.

(B) Laptop Computer: A microcomputer that can be placed on a lap or lap is called a laptop computer. Such a computer looks like a small briefcase.

(C) Notebook or Palmtop Computer: A small notebook-like microcomputer, which is generally used in the hand and can be kept in a pocket, is called a notebook or palmtop computer. Such a computer looks a lot like a calculator.

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