Network Topology
Computers installed in a network system can be connected to each other in various ways. Such a structure is called a computer network topology. In other words, computer network topology is the locational picture and connection arrangement of networked computers.
Topologies of computer networks can be of various types. 6 types of topologies are discussed below:
1. Bus Network Topology
2. Ring Network Topology
3. Star Network Topology
4. Tree Network Topology
5. Completely Connected Network Topology
6. Hybrid Network Topology
1. Bus Network Topology : How many electrical conductors together are usually called a computer bus. The type of organization used by computers and other devices connected to a connection bus to exchange data with each other is called bus organization. In this organization, computers and devices send signals to each other's nodes through buses. At this time other computers and terminals connected to the bus line examine the signal and only the receiving node receives the signal.
In this type of organization, each computer/device is connected to the bus separately through a wire, so at any time any computer/device can be disconnected as well as new computer/device can be added. The cost of implementing this organization is reduced. Such organizations may or may not have a host or central computer. Every computer is memory and CPU rich or self-contained. In this method, if any node is destroyed, the data exchange between the other nodes continues and it is easy to add any new node and remove any old node. But adding new nodes increases the transmission time.
2. Ring Network Topology: Computers used in this type of organization are arranged in a circle. Each computer can send data directly to either computer, even if it is connected to two computers on either side. In this type of topology, the data or signal sent from a computer circulates between the computers in a circular path, until the desired computer receives it. In such an organization, if a node loses the ability to retransmit the addressed signal for any reason, the network becomes dysfunctional. Currently, however, realy switches are used at each node of the ring organization for this type of problem. As a result, when a node becomes useless, it is really easy to add a terminal or remove an old terminal by connecting the next node to the node before the failed node. But the main disadvantage of this method is that the transmission time depends on the total number of nodes, i.e. if the number of nodes increases, the transmission time increases.
3. Star Network Topology: The type of network in which other nodes or computers are connected to a central computer is called star organization. Computers connect to each other through a central computer. If for some reason the central computer loses efficiency, the network loses performance. Because there is no connection between computers and devices without a central computer. However, the failure of one or more computers other than the central computer does not affect the rest of the network. The biggest advantage of this type of network is that the cost of connecting lines is very low. But the problem is
Microcomputers are not directly connected to each other. In such a topology, the transmission time remains the same even if any new terminal is added. Even if any terminal is damaged, the network system remains intact. But if the central computer goes down, the entire network system goes down.
4. Tree Network Topology : Expanding the star organization basically creates branches or tree organization. In this system, the connection heads are connected to a special intermediate head instead of being directly connected to the central computer, and then the intermediate head is connected to the central computer by a high-speed connection path. That is, there are multiple levels in the organization where several computers are connected to one computer at each level. Each layer uses one or more hosts or servers. A host at any level is terminal relative to the previous level. In this case the 3rd or 4th level computer is directly connected to the main computer
can't stay When a computer goes down, one or more computers lose functionality, depending on the severity of the problem. In this type of topology, even if the first level central server fails, the network system does not become completely inoperable. But if any tier server goes down, the terminals used to control it cannot exchange data.
5. Completely Connected Network Topology: Interconnected in a networked organization, each computer is directly connected to all other computers. Data exchange does not require the help of a host computer rather each computer in the network can establish direct communication with other computers. The advantage of this type of organization is that data can be transferred quickly and if one computer or connection line goes down, other computers on the network are not affected. But the connection
Costs are higher as the line length is longer. Such a mutual connection is called a point-to-point connection. In this method, any node can directly exchange data with any other node, resulting in less transmission time. But the cost of implementing this method is very high.
6. Hybrid Network Topology : Some of the types of organizations a combination of types of organization can be seen; It is called hybrid or hybrid organization. No organization is perfect or flawless. So to get full benefits two or more organizations are combined in this organization. Such a topology does not have a fixed shape, rather the structure of the topology is fixed depending on the requirement.
One part of such organization may have rings and another part may have bus organization or star organization attached. The Internet is a classic example of a hybrid network topology. Advantages and disadvantages of hybrid network topologies largely depend on the topologies used. This enables rapid network expansion. But network deployment is relatively complex and expensive.
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